In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

In The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn EssayIn The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain juxtaposes huckabacks doughty and liberating journey along with Jim on the crapper down the river Mississippi with the corrupt smell that allows unconscious acceptance to the values of society on the shore.The new(a) unfolds Hucks inner mind and records his learning and clean-living development as he encounters morally corrupt and crooked nation on his journey to take overdom. The fabrication contrasts between the constricting life on the shore and the freedom offered by the journey on the river. Though Hucks raft follows the river towards its downward journey, he goes against the stream in his life learning on his own the hard realities of life.Huck queues the two wealthy sisters Widow Douglas and Miss Wat word of honor, who adopt him, as the received representatives of the society that is based on hypocritical religious and ethical values. Though Widow Douglas is more patient and gentle towards Huck, he finds her care and c at a timern quite a restrictive.When she puts him in new c gagehes he could do nothing but feel cramped sweating a lot. He does not find any(prenominal) meaning in prayer before the dinner and in the stories of Moses and the Bulrushers who were dead long time ago. Though the life in the care of Widow Douglas is dainty and dignified, cozy and comfortable, Huck does not worry it much. He feels his old ways of living are the best. Living in a house and sleeping in a bed pulled on me pretty tight just aboutly, but before the cold weather I used to slide out and sleep in the woods sometimes, and so that was a rest to me. I liked the old ways Best. (Twain 13)He finds Miss Watsons attempts to sivilize him most annoying. For him, she is the best example of revolting and unforgiving laws of Christian life which are against his individual freedom. He feels Miss Watson she kept pecking at me, and it got tiresome and lonesome. He i s so vexed with the ways of living under the care of Miss Watson that he feels one night quite depressed and feels I felt so lonesome I most wished I was dead. (Twain 5)When Miss Watson insists that he should pray he can not find any reason to pray when his prayers are not answered by God. When he asks her to try for him she calls him a fool. Huck tries several times in his own way asking God for the things he wanted, but he could not find any response from God. He finds it quite impractical. He does not find any advantage for him in praying for others as told by Widow. He finds a lot of disaccordence between Widow and Miss Watson who both pray and teach the same things to him about Providence. The following lines best illustrate his understanding of his two guardians who differ a lot in their attitude.I judged I could see that there was two Providences, and a poor chap would stand considerable show with the widow womans Providence, but if Miss Watsons got him there warnt no help f or him any more. (Twain 11)Hucks father, Pap, an incorrigible wreck with his stinking and ghostlike appearance in tattered clothes, represents the generally debased w stumblee society and the failed family. Pap, who is always after the money earned by Huck, feels jealous of his sons education when his son is living with Widow Douglas and going to school. He not just kidnaps his son but also virtually imprisons him in a cabin in the woods and beats him completely drunk. In fact, he proves dangerous and provides the immediate and most potent cause for Hucks splinter from the society on the shore.On the contrary, he finds a trusting and caring surrogate father in Jim who accompanies him in his escape from the shore. Jim, a run absent striver from the house of Miss Watson, stands for strong family relationship, nobility and loyalty. He takes the extreme step of running away from Miss Watsons house as he suspects he would be sold for another master which will eventually separate him f rom his family. Though he seems superstitious and ignorant, he is an intelligent man with a thick-skulled understanding of human life. Jim he was right he was most always right he had an uncommon level head for a nigger. (Twain 55).There is a strong bond of friendship and understanding between Huck and Jim on the raft. Both are desperately in need of protecting themselves from the selfish people in the society. The raft on the river Mississippi provides them an probability to save their lives. It offers them the much needed freedom. The following passage aptly conveys their dire need to run away from society.I was powerful glad to get away from the feuds, and so was Jim to get away from the swamp. We said there warnt no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft dont. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. (Twain 83)The life on the raft is different in numerous ways from the life that is found on the shore. Theraft p rovides them not only as escape from the corrupt and selfish people, but also an opportunity to be what they are and to do what they like. It gives them a unique opportunity to explore their true identity and their stand in relation to many things in life. They are closest to their true nature on the raft in the lovely and mighty presence of the river and the woods. It offers them unrestricted and uninhibited freedom. Huck feels happy and liberated on the raft and expresses the same in the following wordsIts lovely to live on a raft. We had the sky up there, all speckled with stars, and we used to lay on our backs and look up at them, and plow about whether they was made or only just happened. (Twain 84)Twain has brilliantly contrasted the plight of a white son with that of a slave Jim. The story of the young revolves around these two instances that are almost in the same boat with similar problems. As luck would have it, they share the same raft in their escape for freedom.Huck finds Jims presence on the raft comforting and supportive as Jim is practical, intelligent and trustworthy though, at times, he seems sentimental. Jim not only cooks food for Huck but also protects him from dangers. Jims acts of selflessness and his longing to meet his family have left an indelible impression on Huck. Huck is really determined till the end to save Jim and to get him free.However, the life on the raft is not without its share of dangers and threats. Huck and Jim get separated when their raft is hit by a steamer in the river. Hucks encounter with the family of Grangerfords exposes him to pretentious importance that people attach to their familys honor or prestige. Huck suspects behind the kindhearted and gentle people in the family, there is an unreasonable feud between them and the Shepherdsons. It makes no smack to Huck. Many of the people belonging to these families dice in a bitter gun fight from which Huck luckily escapes.After facing many challenging situation s Huck and Jim once again cross their journey on the raft further towards the south. The two con artists who ask for help and seek refuge on the raft prove dangerous to Huck in the end. The two con artists involve in various crimes at times claiming to be the descendants of royal family and sometimes, pretending to be heavy(p) actors and evangelists. They once again remind the crookedness of the people in the society on the shore.The raft has proved an excellent place to enjoy the perfect freedom and pleasure without any interference. Though Jim is there with him all the time, he is silent and provided a good company with his accommodating nature. Huck enjoys Jims company and the journey most. He expresses his happiness saying,It was kind of solemn, drifting down the big, still river, laying on our backs looking up at the stars, and we didnt ever feel like public lecture loud, and it warnt often that we laughed only a little kind of a low chuckle. (Twain 47)The long journey on the raft has provided Huck with many opportunities to learn new things and develop his own logic. Every challenge he faces presents him with an opportunity to think about it deeply and to come to a conclusion which he feels right. His association with Jim on the raft has given him opportunity to think clearly and form his own opinion without any interference. He prefers to follow his own sense and logic than to accept the unquestioned conventions of the society.Hucks determination to save Jim when he is caught demonstrates his maturity and broadness of understanding. Huck has to undergo an internal struggle to cut through some of the notions that have been ingrained in him by the society. Every time Huck faces a problem he applies his mind and comes out with a closing what he feels right, though it might look wrong and offending to the white community. He takes help from Tom Sawyer in rescuing Jim finally.Huck loses his faith in the society that has failed to protect him. Though the Widow tried her best to give him what he has missed, it has proved imperfect to mould him. His growing distance from the society makes him skeptical about it. His natural intelligence and his ability to think through a situation have enabled him to form his own right conclusions. Thus, he creates his own rules and develops his character throughout the journey.Twain depicts the society around Huck with people who are degraded in their values. The actions of these people defy logic and commonsense. For example, when the judge allows Pap, the wreck and repellent drunkard, to keep custody of Huck, he gives more importance to the right of ownership than to the welfare of the innocent boy. It clearly depicts the social system that has fallen in its moral standing. It highlights the white mans rights over his property whether it is a slave or a son.The Mississippi River plays the most important role in the novel providing freedom and refreshing experience to Huck and Jim who are in t heir quest for freedom. They travel from their home town St. Petersburg, Missouri, north of St. Louis, hundreds of miles into the Deep South. The odyssey down the river lends the story a mystic element offering contentment to the people who come in search of freedom.The river with its power and grandeur sets a meaningful background to the story that contrasts life on the river with the life on the shore. The river plays the role of liberating influence on the two characters Huck and Jim. It is the only place where they can feel at home though they are on a raft. Huck arrives at the conclusion that the idyllic life, peace and brotherhood of himself and Jim have given him more satisfaction and a sense of freedom and understanding as opposed to the inhumanity, the feud and the degenerated values of society.Thus, it is a journey in search of understanding and freedom leaving behind the so called sivilization that destroys innocence and enslaves human beings. In short, Hucks journey is f rom unthinking acceptance of received values and knowledge to an independently achieved understanding of what is right. It is journey from boyhood to manhood, from servitude to freedom. T. S. Eliot, the great English poet and critic of the twentieth century who also grew up on the banks of the same river says, the river makes the book a great book It has fired the imagination of the boy Huck and became the only real home for him.ReferenceTwain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn http//www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/twain/huckfinn.pdf

Mining Engineer Essay Example for Free

Mining Engineer Essay1. IntroductionConcerning the development of field of study, this paper will elaborate several issues regarding the excavation engineer. They include the background of digging technology, the requirements needed to be dig engineer, earnings for mining engineer professional and many others.2. Education/TrainingMining applied science like other engineering degree requires the mastery of several subjects such(prenominal) as mathematics including trigonometry, geometry calculus, and algebra general science (physics, chemistry, and biology), and also social and humanities studies, selective information technology, and some courses in incline since jobs in mining usually involve many people from different cultural background and languages (Daub, 2006). The course to obtain bachelor degree in mining engineering usually takes about 4-5 years. While the first cardinal years, students learn about mathematics and genera science, the specialization of mining engin eering occurs in the last two years in which students learn about geology, mine management, physical mineralogy and petrology, and explosive engineering.Some universities that provide mining engineering include University of Arizona, University of Utah, and West Virginia University in the U.S (Daub, 2006) and University of Exeter and in the U.K. in the University of Exeter (2007), the undergraduate students will have extensive course in mathematic and physics in order to arm the students with problem solving capability.3. Job Skills, Talents, and causeMining engineering not only requires technical expertise but also physical fitness since jobs in mining engineering involves hiking, working in variety of condition such as daylight, rainy, windy etc (Daub, 2006). Particular jobs in mining engineering involves open-pit or underground mines, construction supervisory, safety issues, equipments operations and maintenance, information processing, to name a few (Sloan Career posterior Cen ter, 2007). Table 1 shows the comparison of several mining engineers in terms of required skills and talents in which individually has different required capabilities.Table 1 Comparison of Skills and Talents between Mining EngineersNo. Type of Engineers Required Skills/Talents1 Blasting Engineer Develop make noise schedule and technique to intensify long-term goals in production2 Sr. Mining Engineer Capable of developing and applying economic models to geological information system3 Mine Engineer Performing routine activities in the operation and maintenance of mining equipment and systems4 Senior Project Geologist Capable of procedure and operating drilling programs to examine geographic expedition potential in a locationSource (Sacrison Engineering, 2007 Kinross Gold Corporation, 2007)4. EarningsSalary or earning for mining engineering jobs varies based on experiences, skills, industry, and job types. However, general mining engineers typically earn about $46,000 annually at minimum. However, for engineer who works in coal exploration may earn at l atomic number 99 $50,000 per annum (Daub, 2006). Meanwhile, according to 2005 allowance survey that conducted by National Association of Colleges and Employers, typically, mining engineers may expect starting salary about $48,643 per annum. Table 2 shows salary distribution in 2004 (Daub, 2006).Table 2 Distribution of Mining Engineer Salary in 2004Distribution of Engineers 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%Salary $39,700 $50,500 $64,690 $83,050 $103,7905. Benefits/Health FactorsIn addition to attractive salary packages for mining engineers, they also receive several allowances such as travel, overtime, and medical allowances that not only cover the engineers but also their family (wife/spouse, children) (Daub, 2006).6. utilisationIn the U.S., the employment of mining engineer span from west to east coasts. However, there are concentrations of minerals in several areas such as Northern Michigan and Northern Minnesota fo r iron, Southwest for copper, and West Virginia for coal exploration (Daub, 2006). The purpose of jobs in mining engineering is to gather natural resources as raw materials for further processed that performed by other companies in order to produce lowest products or services (Sloan Career Cornerstone Center, 2007).7. Typical DayThere are two general job types for mining engineers office and on commit jobs. For office jobs, the working day is typically from Monday to Friday. However, for on site jobs, they may conduct various working days that differs from one union to another. For example, a company may set rules 21 that means 2 month of full time jobs in exploration sites and 1 month for the breaks (Sloan Career Cornerstone Center, 2007).8. ConclusionMining engineer is an attractive job since the occupations are often associated with high-wage jobs. However, as a rule, higher jobs mean higher risks. Therefore, we find that the underlying reasons of high-wage jobs for mining eng ineers are that they face high risk and require special skills.Works CitedDaub, Travis C. Mining Engineering. 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2007 from http//www.graduatingengineer.com/futuredisc/mining.htmlKinross Gold Corporation. Senior Project Geologist. 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2007 from http//www.miningusa.com/employ/Kinross/KINROSS12.htmMinova USA Inc. Mining Employment Southwest. Retrieved January 26, 2007 from http//www.miningusa.com/employ/sw.aspSacrison Engineering. Mining Employment Southwest. 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2007 from http//www.miningusa.com/employ/sw.aspSloan Career Cornerstone Center. Mining Engineering Overview. 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2007 from http//www.careercornerstone.org/pdf/mining/mining.pdfUniversity of Exeter. BEng Mining Engineering (UCAS code J110). 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2007 from http//www.uec.ac.uk/csm/undergraduate-study/mining-engineering/

Root Causes Of Excess Waste Output

ancestry Causes Of Excess violent OutputIn the recent years, it was brought to everyones notice that one in two camels atomic number 18 dying in the desert from consuming elastic bags (Attwood, 2008). Camels being an important part of the culture of the UAE gained signifi screwingt conservation programs one of which were to reduce plastic bags and finally ban their usage by the year 2013. Wastes like these argon discarded by inhabitants which not only damages the environment, threatens biodiversity, notwithstanding also causes societal issues. UAE is subjected to a rapid growth in population and an immense development to its environment. These two consistent factors result in contemporaries of special scratch off. Throughout the developing phase, UAE has face up the adverse effects of uncontrolled absquatulate dumping. Moreover, the recycling techniques were yet at par, pended with no serious thought. Introduction to a hardly a(prenominal) spic-and-span expend focal p oint practices were laid but they did not seem to be effective due to scarcity of modern techniques (State of the Environment, Abu Dhabi, 2011). To have it recorded for improvement an official centre for Waste Management activities was opened in different emirates and made responsible for controlling and coordinating screw up. Concluding from the report, the UAE has been ranked second in generating massive amount of menage waste. The very next items consisted mainly of the aspect waste, accounting for dominating the waste mass (Todorova, 2010). The amount of waste per person generated rises with economic consumption. The waste, however, is not limited to domestic waste but includes the by-products leaving the factories and organizations, as well. The electronic waste (e-waste), medical waste, hazardous waste, demolition and construction waste, marine waste, etc. all be different categories of the frequent term waste that need to be taken care of. The increase in the UAE popul ation and economic growth has made it to a greater extent mandatory to belabor the environmental problem with in recountigent and safe techniques. Excess of waste disposal in UAE has alship canal been termed as a very groovy task which results in greater effect to the environment. This result in affecting the overall improving living standards of the UAE and foreign recommendations of the land for quality living. An important thing to note present is that proper disposal of waste is very essential. It is a stave in which humans use and produce waste however, the waste is never thrown past but, it finds its way back to the environment and to use via different means such as through the food chain.The reason for choosing this issue is because excess waste extension is a well noted problem near the world. Moreover, it exhibits its importance for sustainable growth and quality living. In addition, it is a growing problem as cities absorb out of space to dump waste. For instance, Dubai has filled two of its landfill sites and is aiming at zero output of waste by 2030 (Al-Khan, 2012). This issue might make people more than(prenominal) aware of the unhygienic activities and would educate them to evaluate the consequences of excessive consumption resulting in waste generation. This discussion is entirely based on socio economic reforms involving strategic development, winning waste management systems into account and their application for reduction. Further more, this discussion could be used to highlight improving methods and gaining responses from the authorities who are responsible for environment protection.Root Causes Of Excess Waste OutputIt is crucial to understand the root cause of excess waste generation in the UAE. The main causes of excessive waste generation seen in UAE are increasing the population, increasing the demand and consumption, and advancements of new technology with no proper know-how of disposal. Moreover, from the interview conducte d with Mr. John Schneider, who is a narrow specialist at The Center of Waste Management, it appears that the leading cause of excess waste generation is the fast developmental stage UAE is in. Abu Dhabi for instance generates the greatest amount of demolition and construction waste in the Abu Dhabi Emirate in relation to Al-Ain and Western Region (The Center of Waste Management Abu Dhabi, 2011).First of all, the population of the UAE has been increasing rapidly since the last few years by the high rate of births and by migration from different countries to the UAE for employment opportunities and high quality of life. The high population increases the consumption of products and materials which in return produces more waste. Second, the materialistic perception and constant attractive advertisements of luxurious life has augmented the demand for many products regard little to whether it is needed for survival. The demand on products makes the producers manufacture more of their pr oducts and the increasing rate of expending these products generates more waste. Furthermore, it is not only the utilization of these products that lead to waste generation, but the waste released during the production process, resource acquisition, and unwanted by-products are also leading components of waste in the UAE (Schneider, 2012). Overconsumption is considered a serious problem in UAE that unequivocally makes the production line and imports to intensify and consequently lead to excess generation of waste. Especially the electronic gadgets and quick shift to technology in UAE has lead to more e-waste which is one of the wastes hardest to dispose and get rid of. People in the UAE are discarding gadgets to have latest ones associated with luxurious lifestyle. Lastly, as per the interview with Mr.John Schneider, it appears that Abu Dhabi in particular has a high demolition and construction waste than any another(prenominal). The reports tell that construction and demolition wa ste from Abu Dhabi city itself constitutes 85% in the whole Emirates and more than 50 percent in the total daily quantity of waste in the city (The Center of Waste Management Abu Dhabi, 2011).Effects Of Surplus Waste GenerationWaste is not just an unpleasant sight but has an awful smell, too furthermore waste has an adverse effect on our resources if it is not properly dealt with. Not only this, but all kinds of waste can cause health issues in humans, animals, and plants (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). As aforementioned causes show how waste is adding on in our environment, it is important to note the effects it may have on an individual, society and the world if it is not aptly discarded (EDU Green, 2007).3.1 Individual levelThe consequences of excess waste production can affect the human health in two ways directly or indirectly (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). For instance, toxic gases from the dump areas are likely to pollute the air leading to respiratory issues in i nhabitants. UAE has a harsh humid climate that is also favourable for pests, pathogens and, microbial infections. Indirect impacts can be seen when pollutants from wastes in soil decrease the efficiency of soil and function the feature of crops (Ministry of the Environment, 2012). Moreover, according to what is stated in a news article published in The National, the hazardous waste incineration is endangering human health. The Northern Emirates have been a victim of waste dumping that is not properly managed and is leading to health issues among the residents (Hassan, 2010).3.2 National levelExcess waste generation mean solar day after day leads to additional landfills to be built (Solid waste impacts on human health, 2012). Eventually the city runs out of space to dump waste and exports to other cities (Disposal site , 2012). Dubai, for instance, is travel rapidly out of space to build more landfills. Two of the already current landfills have been closed as they have exceeded th e limit and the other one is judge to last for only seven years time (Al-Khan, 2012). Excess waste output also affects the economy nation-wide. For instance, it was projected in the Green Middle eastern hemisphere website that the UAE economy faces a significant loss of about 1.5 billion AED annually as a result of improper recycling (Green Middle East, 2012).3.3 Global aimIt must be comprehended that to the highest degree waste dumped areas contribute significantly to the green house gases. Methane is one of the most released green house gas from waste sectors contributing to global warming (Waste and Climate Change, 2012). According to a report published by Environment breastplate Agency about Global palliation of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases, 12% of methane emissions world-wide are from the landfills of municipal solid waste. Furthermore, if nothing is done about it, the emissions will increase by 9% between the year 2005 and 2020 (Environment Protection Agency). Considering thi s, the UAEs waste output, in relation to its size, is extensive. UAE contributes 22% of household waste to the 22.2 million tones of waste from GCC countries which makes it second highest in waste generation next to Saudia Arabia (Todorova, 2010).Efforts Made By UAE GovernmentThe UAE has developed extensively in the past decades however, this development has not come without a price. According to Mr. John Schneider, to face this national crisis, the municipalities of the emirates have been attempt with drafting strategies and policies. Abu Dhabis Center of Waste Management (WMC) has been lucky in numerous ventures to manage excess waste output. The establishment which effectively has been in operation since 2009 has taken many positive steps such as renewing contracts to companies, taking over the waste management of all the companies in the Emirates as well as pest control (Schneider, 2012). Moreover, it follows standard operational procedures and technical guidelines for collecti ng and managing waste. WMC endorses and accepts waste energy henceforth efforts to generate waste energy have been taken up. likewise contracts with outsourced recycling facilities have been established to recycle items (Schneider, 2012).UAE government initiated several cosmos awareness campaigns to direct their citizens toward better waste management. One of the waste management campaigns highlighted by Mr. Schneider (2012) was the idea brought up by 11 year old Cameron Oliver who won the Abu Dhabi Award for Everyday Heroes. His idea urges UAE citizens towards a more responsible use of plastic to save desert animals generally and camels especially. Other campaigns were the product of collaboration between nongovernmental organizations and the UAEs government, together they educated the public about the benefits of waste management and the three Rs reduce, reuse, and recycle. In addition, WMC provided various recycling waste pins at eyeshot around the country to facilitate the rec ycling assignment for the individual citizen (Schneider, 2012). Furthermore, stricter policies and proper implementation by employing inspectors and contract administrators on daily basis have allowed WMC to deal with illegal dumping of waste (Schneider, 2012).In an attempt to create awareness and deal with extra waste output, the Government of Sharjah installed reverse vending machines that takes in plastic bottles and aluminum cans which can be recycled accompanied by recycling awards via loyalty cards or other prizes through online accounts (Sharjah to Launch UAEs First Reverse Vending Machines, 2012)Another initiative was taken up by the hotels in the UAE by practicing a new technique of waste management where different rooms and suites are given bins with different colors, each for a particular type of waste. The recyclable waste and non-recyclable waste are separated before they end up in the main garbage dump consequentially, less waste ends up in the landfill thereby improv ing new green techniques for keeping the environment clean (Todorova, 2012).The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has been looking forward to reduce waste that ends up in landfill. Landfills have been filling up at a very rapid pace which needs to be slowed down. For this reason, Abu Dhabi government has launched recyclable material programs (Schneider, 2012). In addition, numerous companies in UAE are required to register with the obligation regime of the Central Waste Management (Abu Dhabi To Divert 90% Of Waste From Landfills, 2011). Moreover, Abu Dhabi is imposing a fee for few industries that generate excess waste which is not properly managed. This would compel organizations to adopt recycling and reusing as one way of managing their waste (Abu Dhabi Imposes Waste Management Fees, 2012).Understanding the drawbacks of dumping waste in landfill, Ajman has contumacious to take up on a new strategy. The emirate has planned to build an incineration facility to acquire energy from waste (Todor ova, 2010).Mr. Schneider also highlighted about the current recyclable facilities present in Abu Dhabi and Dubai that are active in collecting recyclable materials such as plastic, paper agricultural waste, textiles, demolition waste, and steel. In future, WMC aims to develop ways to recycle agricultural waste in order to use it as an animal feed for the livestock (Schneider, 2012).RecommendationsIt should be dually noted that waste cleanup is a lot more expensive than waste prevention. Following are some other methods that can be used to resolve this issue5.1 Individual levelEvery individual makes a difference. If every individual changes his habits and natural actions, collectively, they can bring a huge change in any sector of the society.Citizens should refrain from littering around and throw the trash in proper trash cans.They should prefer buying recyclable and biodegradable products and dispose of recyclable items in the proper recyclable bins. splay the word, inform, and ed ucate others about this issue.Re-use as much as possible, including bottles and plastic bags5.2 National LevelGovernments should do their level best to provide awareness campaigns and advertisements informing the public of the disastrous consequences of excess waste and garbage (Schneider, 2012).Provide recycle bins all over the regionPlace taxes and fines on companies that produce extra waste preceding(prenominal) acceptable rate (Schneider, 2012). In addition to enacting laws to stop public littering (Schneider, 2012).Subsidize organic and biodegradable products.Invest in research to study microbial action on breakdown of waste or using waste to release energy (Schneider, 2012).Provide benefits, rewards, and privileges to those industries that best recycle their excess waste and/ or most efficiently convert the waste into energy.5.3 Global LevelWell developed countries could initiate projects where industries coming from poorly developed countries can market materials that are s econdary coil at a price paid per tonne. A recycling business venture can not only add to the economic system boosting international relations but also improve the environment, on the whole (Bhada-Tata Hoornweg, 2012).Moreover, UAE can enter a legally binding protocol with the neighboring countries such as Bahrain, Iran, Qatar, etc to regulate what waste enters the Persian Gulf since it shares common borders.Well developed countries can assist developing nations by financing proper management of waste.E-waste that is exported to less developed nations should be minimized and proper ways of disposal need to be looked into when manufacturing the product in the first place.Trading substances that are non-biodegradable and persistent in the environment should be stopped or the custom charges should be increased in order to discourage their supply and demand.VI. ConclusionIn summary, from the research conducted and discernment of Mr. John Schneider, it is quite obvious that UAE is suff ering from excess waste output. It also is highlighted that UAE generates tones of waste that is dumped in landfills, mostly. However, the leaders of the UAE are well acquainted with this devastating cycle of waste generation and have adopted ways to deal with it. Nevertheless, this mission of zero-waste output cannot be achieved nationally unless every citizen makes an effort. With collective decrease in consumption and methods of managing waste such as reusing and recycling, UAE can contribute globally to the world in minimizing hazards of waste output.

Religious Views On Abortion Religion Essay

Religious Views On Abortion Religion EssayAbortion is defined in different elbow rooms by different peck the medical dictionary defines stillbirth as a premature exit of the product of c erstption from the uterus. It is the loss of pregnancy (MedicineNet.com, 1998).Religion is a key f make upor in the control of morality in the society today in examining the design of spontaneous abortion and the perspective of the religion on abortion one must get how the different religions in the society influence this concept. Within the various unearthly circles, it is argued and continuously debated whether a foetus is a living universe. The main argument is on when or at what stage does the state and religion con aspectr a foetus to be a living universe. Some religions argue against the state with the localize that a fetus is not a living per password. The arguments on the morality of abortion are often base on the religious beliefs.On the crusade of religion, each(prenominal) rel igious belief has its views on the concept of abortion, In Christianity abortion is considered a bad omen, an evil practice and non-acceptable by God, the Roman Catholic church building teaches that abortion is wrong and either member of the church found involved in the practice can be excommunicated from the church. The Jehovah witness also do share the common belief with the catholic that abortion is wrong, it is concluded that in most Christian denominations, abortion is highly prohibited and at no period accepted in the churches. Like other fellow Christian communities, the protestant churches does not allow abortion, in the Northern Ireland the catholics as well as protestants extradite come together to oppose the concept of abortion, this does not imply that all the Christians denominations against the act and concept abortion (SPUC,2010). Some of the Christian denominations are pro abortion and believe that abortion can help save lives if carefully carried expose with the help of doctors and professionals in the field of medicine such as in the Baptists and Methodists churches. In these cases, a woman was not disgraced after having an abortion unless she went against the advice of a professional.The consistency of the Catholic Church against the abortion has raised interrogations and this question was answered by catholic theorist James McCarthy. His argument was based on whether the tone of a child begin ate the point of conception or not. It is however clear that there has been no clear church training on this matter, there has been lots of argument at what point does a fetus capture a man being. Others argue that a person is more than just the biological parts, and believes that a living person has more advance characteristics that a fetus do not posses, like the ability to think and make relationships with other people (McCarthy,1996).The pro -life proponents also argue that the ability of a fetus to hold up independently defines it as a person, there argument is based on the right to life and they believe that the fetus can live given period and good environment just like any other human beings. It is however realistic that the Catholics end point still view abortion evil no matter what argument are brought forward (Dombrowski, 2000). From this argument we can easily conclude that the Catholics has viewed and will al personal manners view abortion as evil heedless of any positive contribution it has in the society it is also not clear whether they view fetus as a living human being.It wherefore raises questions as to why the Catholics carry out fetal baptisms, which were practiced early 1700s. The contradiction is clearly evident, the McCarthy claims that a fetus is not a human being and the early church carried out fatal baptism (McCarthy,1996).From this argument it is evident that most of the religious belief and concept on abortion is based on the human life, and the point at which it is considered to begin . Hindooism viewIn the Hinduism faith, abortion is considered evil however some of the Hindus texts prove abortion to be a necessary evil, since it save lives. The Hindu scripture reference the act of abortion as gorha-batta meaning womb killing, the abortionist is referenced as the greatest sinner in the society as depict by Atharva Veda. It is therefore clear that in the Hindus faith abortion is an abormination. The Vedas does not show when life begins or whether a fetus is a living being but it is clear that abortion is a sinful activity.This is as outlined in the part of the Aryan scriptures is in the Vedas which statesWhpe off, O Pushan Lord, the sins of him that practiseth abortion. (Sacred Books of the East).Another compelling demo that abortion is unacceptable in the Hindu religion is contained in the books of Chandrasekhar (1974) in which he pointed out that induced abortion, which he referred to as bhrunahatya (foetus murder) is a sin. He pointed out that according to Vi shnu Smriti (c. 100 B.C. to 100 A.D.) ,the act of abortion which is the destruction an embryo can be considered as the killing of a holy person (Chandrasekhar,1974)Christian viewThe concept of abortion in the Jewish law is not as strict as the Christian way the Jewish legal government have not established principles by which to determine the morality and validity of abortion in the society. The issue is complex and always refers back to the bible. The Bible on the other hand has a lot to say regarding the concept of abortion, the Biblical arguments indicated that the unborn child is a human being and constitutes Gods creation. God came up with threesome creations. The conceived life on the conception of God is a living, after conception the result is referred to as the child in the likeness of God, as per the Bible the infant, child, son or daughter refer to the same thing since they are all creation of God. Other phrases of the Bible indicates that when men fight and one of them hit a woman who is expecting with the result of a miscarriage, the responsible person will be charged based on the womans husband sentiment, but if other issues occur, the penalty will be life for life (Bible Exodus 2122). Life for life indicate the miscarriage is the loss of life, the life loss as a result of miscarriage is equivalent to the life of the responsible person. It is therefore concluded that the stands of the Bible on the miscarriage or abortion is defined clearly, in loss of life through abortion is equivalent to the life lost for an existing human being.It is however not easy to simplify what the Bible state concerning abortion, several scholars has indicated that it is not easy to determine the real knowledge on the matters relating to abortion. Most of the Christians however, are just told that abortion is prohibited and not allowed in the society. This concept just simplifies what is voiceless to comprehend in our society. It has become a matter of doing what God requires from his disciples, no matter what the consequences are to the living and the unborn the final judgment is however the nobleman God. (Ward,1978).In summary it is evident that the Bible controls most of the judgment in the Christian faith concerning abortion. This is however only true if the decision is in congruity with Gods demands as outlined in the Holy BibleBuddhism viewBuddhism on the other hand has a more relaxed approach to abortion. This is evident in the Buddhas way of life, as it tries to get away from do finalization and judgment on matters. Buddha advised his followers not to accept or believe in any teaching from other religions not even Buddha himself. His emphasis was to investigate the teaching on how abortion is viewed from the people themselves and the society of the Buddhist. If an individual within oneself finds a teaching to be true, then he should practice the teaching, but not trust any teaching by simply trusting them. Buddha first percepts state I will not harm any living creature this does not only apply to the human being community but to all animals, once a fetus is alive the Buddhism faith protest not to harm the fetus and protect the fetus.The Buddhist approach to ethical and social issues relating to abortion is based on the concept on compassion. The concept of compassion is important to the Buddhist than any other doctrines r laws set by the land. It is therefore important on any judgment as to whether abortion is good or evil in the land of the Buddhist one should bring in light the concept of compassion to the fetus before any argument is made. Most Buddhist feel that in relation to the concept of compassion abortion is wrong, and regrettable, it is viewed as the act of depriving the unborn the compassionate right to live, however the compassion should be both to the fetus and the mother, it may be to a level where the compassionate on the fetus may deprive the mother the right to life. In this case Buddha then i ndicates that you do what I feel is right, such circumstances are allowed so that each individual arrive at the right conclusion and not judgmental.In conclusion, reviews of literature from various Buddhist ethicists do bear a universal consensus that raising is the best policy in tackling abortion. In this light, they advocate birth control as well as encouraging the use of contraceptives (Tsomo,1998)DiscussionsThis research however makes me to be amiss the result of engaging in abortion, it relays that if a woman from the Buddhist faith engages in the act of abortion, she should be comforted with compassion rather than judgment and punishment.These religious have had their share of impact in different societies, and they have brought different views on the concept of abortion example, most of the United States population claims to be Catholic (Dombrowski, 2000) however there is no religion that stick to there rules and doctrines. It would be hard to say that religious factors ar e insignificant considering Roman Catholicism is the atomic number 82 opponent of abortion (Abernethy, 1994). Hindus had been very firm and so many people. The Catholics have always been strict and against the act, but it is evident that most of the faithful indulge in such activities and the church assume not to know as a result of not losing the faithful. The religion has therefore left us in the blueish whether abortion is good or not allowed within the church. It therefore calls for a personal judgment and that why this question, Is abortion Right? Is an open ended question that can be answered based on the individual judgment and not religious grounds and the doctrines of the church.ConclusionsOn my opinion the concept of compassion brought in the Buddhist faith, is more appealing, however abortion should be carried out with the assistant of a health professional, and only when it is dangerous to either the mother or the child. The mother side should be given precedence since she is a living being in existence as to the un-born as believed by the Buddhist. It is therefore depended on individual judgment whether to carry out abortion or not. The Buddhist vie of abortion is more liberal this is because it leaves the decision to the person who engages in the act to a astronomical extent. The contemporary society is fuelled largely by the freedom of personal election and technology. These doctrines seem to be well illustrated in the Buddhist view of abortion. To support my choice for Buddhist way of handling the abortion issue, I present the general universal consensus that the various Buddhist ethicists have advanced. In fact their approach to abortion has been considered by other scholars and organizations as being the best as pointed out by SPUC (2010). Tsomo (1998) further points out that Buddhists do recognize the level of incongruity that exists in the ethical theory of abortion as well as in the actual practice of the abortion. They however do not in any way condone the inappropriate, meaningless and taking of life. They therefore use their views of morality of abortion to advocate for a universal understanding as well as the way of compassion towards all forms of living things. Their views are nonjudgmental while respecting both the rights as well as the freedom of all human beings in the making of their own choices.

Activities for Sc1 and Sc4 Skills Development

Activities for Sc1 and Sc4 Skills DevelopmentPrimary Science TaskIntroductionIt is important that opinion in pristine science is consociateed to learning outcomes if it is to be successful (Hudson, 2005). It is therefore important that all primary teachers in science understand the learning outcomes which are countenance to their year, and that learning activities and assessments are establish on that. Most children in year 4 at school would be expected to be working mingled with levels 2 and 5, although most children would only be expected to reach level 4 by the age of 11 (DirectGov, 2008). Here a set of activities based around circuits are discussed in terms of how they include for development in Sc1 Scientific Enquiry and Sc4 Physical Processes skills.Assessment of Sc1 and Sc4 SkillsIn order to ensure set aside development by both Sc1 and Sc4, it would be considered preferential to change the order of the learning activities. The beginning(a) activity which would be app roached would be that of the safety session. This would be approached first due to the importance of approaching safety considerations before approaching any oper fitting activities utilising electricity. This activity is not only considered crucial to safety, but presents a rock-steady introduction to circuits, as the learning objectives would be considered to be at level 2 (L2) of Sc4. For example discussion of the differences between mains and battery electricity corresponds to pupils being fit to compare the way in which devices work in different electrical circuits (QCA, n.d.). The learning outcomes of this activity, being equal to(p) to record the characteristics of the devices using mains electricity, would in addition be at L2 of Sc1, which states that pupils should be able to describe observations using round-eyed scientific vocabulary.The second activity approached would be that of fancying at drawings of circuits. This is an important step before practical work wit h circuits as it may address some of the gaps in knowledge of circuits which may be present in children of this age (Glauret, 2008). The learning objectives and the activity itself allow for development from L2 of Sc 4 to L3. For example while knowing that a circuit needs a power source means that pupils are able to compare the way in which devices work in different electrical circuits (L2), it could also be developed so that pupils are able to discuss aro phthisis and effect (L3). The same could be said of the knowledge that a complete circuit is needed for a device to work. The actual activity itself, in which children look at drawings of circuits and decide and explain which will work and which will not could be performed at L2 of Sc1, where pupils are able to observe and compare objects and events, and say what is expected. It could and allow for development to L3, where pupils are able to use their knowledge and understanding of physical phenomena to link cause and effect in dim-witted explanations. By request children to design a circuit which will work, record it, and annotate it, this is however only tackling L1 of Sc1 in terms of notation, where pupils are able to communicate their findings in simple ways (QCA, n.d.). Although not specifically addressed in this learning activity, it may also be useful to include some discussion in pairs or small groups. This is due to evidence that vocalisation of scientific concepts may help with development of scientific vocabulary (Mercer et al., 2004). This may then assist in evolution from being able to communicate findings in simple ways (Sc1 L1) to using simple scientific vocabulary (Sc1 L2) and beyond.Using the third activity, in which pupils test their ideas more(prenominal) or less what make good conductors would allow for further development of Sc1 and Sc4. For example the learning objective about how to find out which materials allow electricity to pass through them could be approached from L1 if sug gestions are actively offered to the pupils (Sc1 L1), or could be developed through the L4 if pupils are given freedom to design their own approach with lower levels of guidance. The learning objective relating to the development of the knowledge that some materials are fall apart conductors of electricity than others appertains to both L3 and 4 of Sc4. This involves development from being able to use knowledge to link cause and effect to being able to use knowledge to create generalisations. This development is also addressed by the objective that pupils are able to use results to draw conclusions about which materials conduct electricity. This objective also addresses development of L3 to L4 in Sc1 in that pupils develop from being able to provide explanations for their observations (L3) to pupils being able to relate their conclusions to patterns in their data and scientific knowledge. The specific learning outcomes of this activity would be that pupils would be able to use equ ipment to make observations, by being able to have a circuit to test which materials let electricity pass through (Sc1 L2) and that they would be able to provide explanations for their observations by explaining that with some materials the bulb did not agility because the circuit was not complete (Sc1 L3). This may even be developed through to Sc1 L4, where pupils begin to relate their conclusions to patterns in their data and scientific knowledge, if pupils are able to relate their findings to other sources of information.Rather than approach it as a separate activity, it would be better to incorporate the activity of making simple switches here, as it in like manner relates to conductors and complete circuits. As such, it does not pickyly offer further development of any of the learning targets, so does not warrant investigation as a separate session.As a development of the third activity, it then makes logical sense to proceed to discuss the uses of metals and plastics as co nductors and insulators. This would lead to the development of Sc1 L4 if pupils were not antecedently able to relate their own work to outside information. This also includes exploring secondary sources, which can also be developed from L2 of Sc1 to L4, depending on the sophistication of sources used and what is make with the information. For example using the information to explain why metals are used for some purposes and plastics for others indicates being able to link cause and effect in simple explanations (Sc4 L3), although if pupils are also able to make generalisations about physical phenomena and use physical ideas to explain, then this may indicate development to L4.The final activity in the paper would be included last, as this is generally a culmination of the information gathered to this point, and offers development of Sc1 and Sc4 to L4. For example making predictions about what will happen indicates that pupils are able to make generalisations and use physical ideas to explain simple phenomena (Sc4 L4). Deciding how to change the brightness of bulbs and speed of a motor in a circuit also shows that pupils are able to decide on an appropriate approach towards answering a question and also able to vary unitary factor while keeping the others the same (Sc1 L4). Designing their own experiment also indicates that pupils are able to describe physical phenomena, for example how a particular device may be connected to work in a circuit (Sc4 L4). This type of self-directed activity may also be inseparable for some young children in developing scientific confidence (Glauert, 2005). Finally, a self-directed activity at the end of the series of sessions also allows for a better assessment of progress through the levels, as it allows for complete flexibility as to how much assistance is given in the task, thereby allowing for a better assessment of competency.ConclusionsBy utilising the appropriate activities from those given, it is possible to allow for development of both Sc1 and Sc4 right through from level 2 to level 4, which is appropriate for this age group. There is also some degree of flexibility in the levels which the selected activities could be approached from to allow for individual achievement levels within the class. The sessions lend themselves to culmination in a self-directed session, which allows for more accurate assessment of levels within Sc1 and Sc4.ReferencesDirectGov (2008) National curriculum teacher assessments and key stage tests. DirectGov. Available online from http//www.direct.gov.uk/en/Parents/Schoolslearninganddevelopment/ExamsTestsAndTheCurriculum/DG_10013041 Accessed 22/08/2008.Glauert, E.B. (2005) Making sense of science in the reception class. International Journal of Early Years Education, 13(3), 215-233.Glauert, E.B. (2008) How young children understand electric circuits Prediction, explanation and exploration. International Journal of Science Education, DOI 10.1080/09500690802101950.Hudson, P .B. (2005) Analysing preservice teachers rubrics for assessing students learning in primary science education. Proceedings Australian Curriculum Studies Association. Available online from http//eprints.qut.edu.au/archive/00002102/ Accessed 22/08/2008.Mercer, N., Dawes, L., Wegerif, R. Sams, C. (2004) Reasoning as a scientist Ways of helping children to use spoken communication to learn science. British Educational Research Journal, 30(3), 359-377.QCA (No date) Attainment targets for science. Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. Available online from http//curriculum.qca.org.uk/key-stages-1-and-2/subjects/science/attainmenttargets/index.aspx?return=/key-stages-1-and-2/subjects/science/keystage2/index.aspx%3Freturn%3D/key-stages-1-and-2/subjects/index.aspx Accessed 22/08/2008.

The Use of Symbols in Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers Essay

The Use of Symbols in Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of RiversThe poem ?The Negro Speaks of Rivers? by Langston Hughes contains many symbolic meanings about the personal identity of Afri basin Americans. Throughout the poem Hughes uses metaphorical statements to suggest to the reader what the soul of the African American has been through. The symbols of the old rivers from which the African American ideal has risen can be interpreted in many different ways. They hold the birth and growth of the African American culture, and some of the most significant moments of their past. The words create verbally in this poem represent the pride and knowledge of a group of outstanding people. Throughout the poem Hughes uses the word ?I? (line 4). This word does not represent one man but instead embodies the culture of African Americans. When Hughes says ?I?ve known rivers? (1) he actually means that the African Peoples have seen those times that are represented by the rivers and flour ished because of them. In this poem the African Americans accomplishments and history are shown by the rive...

Oil and Saudi Arabia Essay -- Essays Papers Oil Saudi Arabia Papers

Exposing the Saudi-Arabian Arabian Royal Family, U.S. foreign policy, and the poverty currently occurring within Saudi Arabia PrefaceThe current beingness dependence on oil colour leaves much to be said about the impact of Saudi Arabia and the Middle East on foreign policy and foreign politics. Presently the worlds largest consumer of oil, the U.S. depends on Saudi Arabia and much of the Middle East for the energy to run its businesses, its homes, and most importantly, its automobiles. In the past few months U.S. consumers have felt the pressures of increase gasoline prices as they fence to commute and live their daily lives. This leaves the U.S. with important decisions to be made on behalf of its citizens and its position in the international realm.Saudi Arabia, the loss leader of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies), maintains a powerful position in negotiations with the U.S. and other countries. Its vast supply of oil directly effects per barrel pricing and is a unique bargaining wight in international politics. But Saudi Arabia is no ordinary country in todays world. Its borders are governed by a royal stag family of nearly 30,000 individuals, all of which dish out most of the wealth and almost all of the power. Its people, with foreign exceptions, are wholly Islamic and many practice the faith with a frightening sense of devotion. And contempt the immense revenue generated by its oil reserves, part of its population shut away lives in absolute poverty. Although recently it has seen immense change, it is still a country equitable behind the progressive world.This report draws from many publications written over the last twenty years exposing the unique situation in Saudi Arabia, while besides utilizing recent headl... ... September 2003 (31 whitethorn 2004).?Oil jumps back near $42,? (31 May 2004).?Plots and bombs,? The Economist, May 1 2004 47.?Still at its mercy,? The Economist, May 22 2004 10?The limits of refor m,? The Economist, foul up 27 2004 47.?US Challenges and Choices Saudi Arabia A View from the Inside,? The Atlantic Council of the United States, The Middle East Institute, The Middle East polity Council, and The Stanley Foundation, (May 31, 2004).?What if The Economist, May 29 2004 69.William Powell, Saudi Arabia and its Royal Family, (New Jersey Lyle Stuart Inc., 1982).World Bank Report 2003, ?Saudi Arabia,? Oil and Saudi Arabia Essay -- Essays Papers Oil Saudi Arabia PapersExposing the Saudi Arabian Royal Family, U.S. foreign policy, and the poverty currently occurring within Saudi Arabia PrefaceThe current world dependence on oil leaves much to be said about the impact of Saudi Arabia and the Middle East on foreign policy and international politics. Presently the worlds largest consumer of oil, the U.S. depends on Saudi Arabia and much of the Middle East for the energy to run its businesses, its homes, and most importantly, its automobiles. In the past few months U.S. consumers have felt the pressures of increasing gasoline prices as they struggle to commute and live their daily lives. This leaves the U.S. with important decisions to be made on behalf of its citizens and its position in the international realm.Saudi Arabia, the leader of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Companies), maintains a powerful position in negotiations with the U.S. and other countries. Its vast supply of oil directly effects per barrel pricing and is a unique bargaining tool in international politics. But Saudi Arabia is no ordinary country in todays world. Its borders are governed by a royal family of nearly 30,000 individuals, all of which share most of the wealth and almost all of the power. Its people, with foreign exceptions, are wholly Islamic and many practice the faith with a frightening sense of devotion. And despite the immense revenue generated by its oil reserves, part of its population still lives in absolute poverty. Although re cently it has seen immense change, it is still a country fair behind the progressive world.This report draws from many publications written over the last twenty years exposing the unique situation in Saudi Arabia, while also utilizing recent headl... ... September 2003 (31 May 2004).?Oil jumps back near $42,? (31 May 2004).?Plots and bombs,? The Economist, May 1 2004 47.?Still at its mercy,? The Economist, May 22 2004 10?The limits of reform,? The Economist, Mar 27 2004 47.?US Challenges and Choices Saudi Arabia A View from the Inside,? The Atlantic Council of the United States, The Middle East Institute, The Middle East Policy Council, and The Stanley Foundation, (May 31, 2004).?What if The Economist, May 29 2004 69.William Powell, Saudi Arabia and its Royal Family, (New Jersey Lyle Stuart Inc., 1982).World Bank Report 2003, ?Saudi Arabia,?