Interest Groups :: Political Special Interest Groups

Interest GroupsInterest Group is defined as an organized body of individuals who establishto influence reality policy. This system is designed so that interest groupswould be an instrument of public influence on politics to create changes, butwould not threaten the disposal much. Whether this is still the case or notis an important question that we must find out. Interest groups play galore(postnominal) different roles in the Ameri stooge governmental system, such as representation, go badicipation, education, and program monitoring. Representation is thefunction that we see most often and the function we automatically think of whenwe think of interest groups. Participation is some other role that interest groupsplay in our government, which is when they facilitate and encourage theparticipation of their members in the political process. Interest groups alsoeducate, by trying to inform twain public officials and the public at large aboutmatters of importance to them. Lobby gro ups also keep track of how programs areworking in the field and try to persuade government to take action when problemsbecome evident when they monitor programs. The traditional interest groups havebeen organized around some form of economical cause, be it corporate interests,associates, or unions. The number of business oriented lobbies has grown sincethe 1960s and continues to grow. Public-interest groups have also grownenormously since the 1960s. Liberal groups started the trend, but traditionalistgroups are now just as common, although some groups are better representedthrough interest groups than others are. There are many ways that the groupscan influence politics too. The increase in interest group activity hasfragmented the political debate into little pockets of debates and have servedto further erode the supply of political parties, who try to make broad basedappeals. PACs also give money to incumbents, which means that incumbents canaccumulate large reelection campaign funds, that in result, discourages potential drop challengers. As a result, most incumbents win, not because theyoutspend their challengers, but because they keep good potential opponents outof the race. Conservatives are one of the big groups that influence politicsand for many reasons.Conservative thinking has not only claimed the presidency it has spreadthroughout our political and intellectual life and stands poised to become thedominant strain in American public policy. While the political ascent ofconservatism has taken place in full public view, the intellectualtransformation has for the most part occurred behind the scenes, in a network ofthink tanks whose efforts have been influential to an extent that only fiveyears after President Reagans election, begins to be clear.

The Pornography Debate Essay -- Pornography

The Pornography DebatePornography has been the topic of discussion in the court systems for years. Many would like to see legislation against it and software to separate out it. The problem is its not that easy and making laws against it would pose a problem against the first amendment. There have many issues brought up on the grounds that it is disheartening to women and is filth for the eyes of children. But, is erotica really that harmful?There are many reasons why the government is having trouble putting restrictions on dirty word. As Cynthia cutting states in Social Theory and Practice, just because some find certain materials offensive is not a sufficient reason for restricting those materials. There has to be proper grounds for making such laws to prevent pornography distribution because either way you look at it, it goes against the handsome speech laws of the first amendment. Nadine Strossen of the ACLU had a good point when she said the First Amendment contains no exc eption for sexual speech. If sexual speech is censored or regulated then other forms of policy-making expression will also be threatened. It is hard to find the proper grounds in which restricting pornography is appropriate and yet still doesnt go against the First Amendment of free speech. Pornography can be described as prurient and so why should it be against the law to express your feelings freely? Does pornography its really cause any harm?New laws that involve the internet have been passed but are now getting a second look, as they too may be against the Constitution. The Childrens Internet Protection Act that requires libraries to use anti-pornography software has been brought back into the Supreme Court with the help of the ACLU because it... ...ims of the explicit nature pornography has, or are people going overboard with all the restriction they are putting on TV and the internet? There needs to be a middle ground found somewhere to guard people who may become offensive to this type of behavior. But then again, isnt it just free speech?Works CitedRoleff, Tamara L. Civil Liberties Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press, San Diego CA, 1999Alexander, Mark C. The First Amendment and Problems of Political Viability The Case of Internet Pornography Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy. v.21 no3 p. 977-1030, 2002Stark, Cynthia A. Is Pornography An live up to The Causal vs. The Conceptual View of Pornographys Harm Social Theory and Practice. v.23 p. 277-306, 1997Charles Lane. Justices to Hear Internet Porn Case Washington Post. November 13, p. A08. Washington Post Company, 2002

Henry David Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience :: Civil Disobedience Essays

In Thoreaus essay Resistance to Civil Government, Henry David Thoreau outlines a utopian society in which each individual would be responsible for governing himself. His opposition to a centralized government is an effort to disassociate with the American government, which at the time was supporting slavery and unjustly invading Mexico. While the individual tower would work well for Thoreau who is a man of conscience, it does not report for the immoral, dishonest or overly ambitious people in the nation. Resistance to Civil Government is a work of political philosophy where Thoreau lays out a plan for the way he believes the American government and society should be structured. The essay discusses the relation between the individual and society. This essay acts as a invocation for individuals to follow their conscience when civil law causes a conflict. Thoreau calls for a conscious rebellion to bring about a radical change in the American constitution a revolution against the Amer ican government. This notion of peaceable revolution is the moral center of this essay. By refusing to pay taxes he is not objecting the taxes specific use, he is refusing allegiance to the state as a whole. Thoreau does not advocate complete defiance of democracy with his protest as he willingly accepts the numbers of breaking the law. Because Thoreau chooses his legality over compliance he feels freer in jail than the people outside who follow the law like sheep rather than thinking and acting for themselves. He accepts the consequence of imprisonment for not paying his lawful tax, believing that by being imprisoned he is forcing the government to consider whether he is in the right by practicing civil disobedience. Thoreau wishes to be separate from the American government because it supports slavery. Thoreau chastises the government.Thoreau pictures a utopian society where a persons conscience is a higher rule than that of the law.

Cultural References in Ah Mah :: mah

Cultural References in Ah Mah In almost every piece of literature there can be found references to the authors or the narrators culture. Having an understanding of this culture can help one better understand a literary cook. Reading a work that contains references to a culture can also spark interest and inspire the reader to learn more almost the culture that is represented in the work. one and only(a) such piece of literature is the poem Ah Mah, written by Shirley Geok-lin Lim. This poem contains many references to Chinese culture that are very interesting and inspire curiosity. By researching the culture of China, one can better understand the references to it in Ah Mah. Then, the poem has more meaning to the reader than if he did not posses any acquaintance about Chinese culture. Ah Mah is a poem about the authors grandmother. The author, Lim, describes her grandmother in detail and explains how her grandfather bought her grandmother. Lim describes her grandmother as a very teeny-weeny and thin woman (10-11). She gives the impression that her grandmother had a hard life even though it appears that the family had enough money. The fact that the family is Chinese is also very evident due to the many references to Chinese culture that are made as Lim describes aspects of her grandmothers life. The first aspect of the grandmothers life that is a reference to her culture is the mention of silk. In the poem, Lim states that her grandmother tottered / in black silk (7-8). This reference may seem unimportant at first glance. However, if one has knowledge of the country of China, it becomes apparent that silk is important. Silk has been a major resource in China since ancient times. A route called the Silk Road was an important path followed by traders who traded goods with the Chinese for raw silk. Silk has been abundant in China for a long time and it was a more common fabric there before it was popular in other places. Silk fabric was still considered a sign of status in China, but it was more easily found there than in other move of the world (Chinese Culture). Another reference to Silk in the poem that is more indirect is Soochow flower song girl, which is referring to the grandmother (Lim 12). Soochow is a city in China that is also known as Suzhou or Wuxian city.

Embryonic Stem Cell Research: How does it affect you? Essay -- essays

Embryonic Stem Cell investigate How does it affect you?Embryonic fore cell look into is widely controversial in the scientific world. Issues on the ethics of Embryonic Stem (ES) cell research have created pandemonium in our society. The different views on this subject are well researched and supportive. The facts presented have the force to support or possibly change the publics perspective. This case study is based on facts and concerns that much of the research done on embryotic stem cells is derived from human embryos. This case study will provide others with a more in depth view of both sides of this great debate. In biologic terms, embryonic stem cells posses a virtually unlimited future. Adult stem cell research has produced results that could help many patients with various diseases, but proponents of embryonic stem cell research argue that the progress in big(p) stem cell research should not preclude embryonic stem cell research (Kukla, 2002). As of November 2004, Cali fornia residents voted yes to approve $3 billion dollars for stem cell research. Michelle Lane, who is the state coordinator for the Parkinsons Action Network in Louisiana, was not only palliate to see this go through but because she has early on-set signs of Parkinsons disease she says It proves we can win this battle. Kalb, C. (2004)Scientists believe that using embryonic stem cells offers the most possibilities in scientific research these cells have the capability to develop into any of the 210 cells found in the human body including boldness cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, and skin cells. The bud capacity of the embryonic stem cell may prove useful for treatment of some medical conditions including Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease, diabetes, spinal cord injuries, heart disease and cancer. The prospective advantage of using embryonic stem cells is fascinating. Embryonic stem cells are capable of becoming any cell type in the body making them more versatile than adult stem c ells. There is a possibility that the patients body can reject the adult cells because their derivative is from cells that are not a patients own. Supporters of research state that stem cells from embryos are acceptable for research since the embryos are not considered to be human and is vital to the possible future cure of so... ...esCenter for Bioethics and Human Dignity (2002) Human Embryo Experimentation Embryonic Stem Cell look for Is Unethical (roman type Espejo, Ed). Greenhaven At Issue Series.Kalb, C. (2004) Newsweek. New York Dec 6, 2004) Retrieved January 2, 2005 from the ProQuest database. Kukla, H. J. (2002). Embryonic stem cell research An ethical justification, Georgetown Law Journal. Washington, 90 (2), 503-544. Retrieved January 2, 2005 from the ProQuest database. Landry, D.W. & Zucker, H.A. (2004, November) Embryonic death and the humans of human embryonic stem cells Electronic version. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 114(9) pp1184-1186. Retrieved Decembe r 20, 2002, from http//www.jci.org EBSCOPrentice, D. (2003). Science and ethics The intertwined debate on stem cells. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences 95(4). Retrieved January 2, 2005 from the ProQuest database. Saltzman, R. (2001) The Ethics of Abortion Research Using Human Embryos Is Morally Unacceptable (Jennifer A. Hurley, Ed.) At Issue Series Greenhaven PressSullivan, A. (2001) Human Embryo Experimentation. Early human embryos are human beings.( Roman Espejo, Ed.) At Issue Series Greenhaven Press

Ancher Public Trading Essay -- Business Management Memo Essays

Ancher overt TradingTOBoard of DirectorsFROMLearning Team A consultantsDATEAugust 22, 2005SUBJECT Sarbanes-Oxley recommendationsAs consultants for Ancher Public Trading (APT), Learning Team A would like to discuss the implications of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) legislation. This memorandum provides a brief history of SOXs creation, explains the relationship amongst the FASB, dry and PCAOB, describes the pros and cons of SOX, assesses the impacts of SOX, and lists ethical considerations of SOX. taradiddle of SOX - the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is legislation in response to the high profile financial scandals, such as seen with Enron and WorldCom. The purpose of this act is to protect shareholders and the general public from write up errors and fraudulent ancestry practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act introduced stringent new rules to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws. Sarbanes-Oxley is not a set of b usiness practices and does not specify how a business should store records rather, Sarbanes-Oxley defines which records are to be stored and for how long. A.) The relationship among the FASB, irregular and PCAOBSOX is administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC sets deadlines for compliance and publishes rules on requirements. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the department to which all publicly-traded companies, effective since 2004, are required to submit annual reports of the effectiveness of their internal accounting controls. The SEC has broad authority over all aspects of the securities industry. This includes the power to register, regulate, and oversee brokerage firms, transfer agents, and clearing agencies. Along with them, is the FASB.The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), is a maestro standards board created by accountants to establish Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which are the accounting standards u sed by accountants in the U.S. The GAAP reporting method makes it potential for investors and regulatory authorities to accurately determine an organizations financial results.The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) was created to oversee the activities of the auditing profession. Specifically to oversee t... ... Line56 ,Retrieved August 17, 2001. Retrieved on 8/19/2005, from http//ww.line56.com/articles.Hein, M. (2002). The Sarbanes Oxley act of 2002 effects sweeping changes to the U.S. federal securities laws. Retrieved on August 21, 2005, from www. www.gtlaw.com.Hyatt, J. (2005). Birth of the ethics industry. Business Ethics Online, The magazine of corporate responsibility. Retrieved on 8/19/2005, from www.business-ethics.com. Johnson, C. (2005). Pros and cons of accounting rules weighed Sarbanes Oxley - more audits, accountability. San Francisco Chronicle on the Web. Retrieved August 17, 2001, from gin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/05/05/BUGJBE3DQ71.html. Leporte, G. (2 007). Chief of the office of small business policy at the U.S. sSecurities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved on August 17th, 2005, from http//accounting.smartpros.com .Linsley, C. (2003). Auditing, risk management and a post Sarbanes-Oxley world. Review of Business.Solomon, Deborah. (March, 2005) Accounting Rule Exposes Problems But Draws Complaints About Costs. palisade Street Journal.Wallace, S. (2005). Only the ethical need apply. The Christian Science Monitor. March 30, 2005 edition.

Are We a Team? Essay

1. What type of team does the rude(a) CIO have? What do you see as the key problem with the team? The new CIO has a cross-functional team, the team is including employees from the same hierarchical level but form different departments and expertise. They all working towards a viridity goal. They be 14 who are regional IT persons and department heads. The problem I fee is that there is lack of cooperation. Every peerless seems to be working on their tasks but no one is realizing ab by the common goal. Moreover, the remarks given by team members show lack of trust and respect. It is difficult to manage the cross-functional team. For this manager have to build a strong communication assembly line and trust among all the team member so they can achieve their goals.2. How do you think the team evolved to this low level of cooperation and cohesiveness? In my buck of view team evolved to this low level of cooperation and cohesiveness because of poor communication, lack of leadership an d selfishness. As most of the team members are thinking about their throw achievement not companys goal. They people didnt share information to achieve collective goals. Team cohesiveness is defined as the consummation to which team members are attracted to the team and motivated. It means every team member has commitment to team activities, support other team members and enjoy teams success. This team has lack of leadership, as there is no interaction and gap of communication that is why they dont know about shared goal. The creator CIO always agreed with everyone but he didnt convey shared goals this the main reason that team members are not clear about their goals. The condition CIO failed to shape such rules that can helped him to make an effective and productive team.3. What suggestions do you have for the CIO to help her turn this collection of one-on-one regional and department heads into a top-performing team? Explain. Well as a management student, I will suggest her th e following thing so she can make the collection of individual regional and department heads into a top-performing team I. She has to be clear with her team and provide clear vision, objective and share goals. II. She has to make an effective communication epithelial duct so every single member of the team have the same information. III. She has to lead the team with her effective leadership qualities.IV. Shehas to make job discerption for every one so nobody can interfere in others work and clear about their role in the team. V. She has to build good relationship with her team so they can trust her and give respect. VI. Last but not the least, she has to make check and balance on every member, so that she can figure out about the performance of individuals and overall as team. I think these are the main point if she focus on these she can get a castigate result from her team and they can work together as a team to achieve shared goals.

Bullying and True Inner Feelings

Bullying ca wonts and consequenses In todays world, blusterous is no involvement come out of the closet of the ordinary. Everyday we hear about bullying, whether it is in the news, at school, or from our friends and is becoming a worldwide problem that occurring around us everyday and everywhere. People have sex some sort of bullying at some point in their lives whether they be the victim or the bully. What has developed as a common thing amongst people of altogether ages has had serious effects and caused tragedies for many people.People go about with their daily tasks in life and sometimes dont realize the the constipation they are causing to other people when they make jokes about others whether they have disabilities, culture or physical apperances. This expository essay will focus on the causes and the conseques of bullying and the effect it has in todays society. Although there are multiple ways to define bullying, it is a negative action directed to a specific one-on-o ne and carried out by one or possibly groups of people.Bullying is basically anything that makes a person feel hurt of embarrassed whether it is physical or phsycological. No be if it is physical or mentally, bullying is always wrong. Bullying put up be placed in two categorizes verbal,physical and cyber bullying. Verbal bully is known to be the about common type of bullying. it is when you criticize someone because of their physical appearance. and physical bullying is a common everywhere you go whether it being at home or in genral public.Physical bullying can be influenced by a lot of things such as such media as television, music and sometimes people that are really close to us such as our parents and friends are all factors that can influence physical bullying which can lead to something even more than dangerous. Cyber bullying is when an individual is emarrased or tormented by another individual using the internet. Unnecessary posts, name calling or mean emails are all way s of cyber bullying.Cyber bullying is very serious in todays society because the individual that is being bullied may find it hard to tell someone about what they are going though. Even though cyber bullying cannot physically hurt an individual,it can leave that person feeling mentally distressed and upset. In many cases, bullying can be triggered by numerous of these individuals to use rage and violence to handle their problems. Individuals raised in these kind of atmosphere might not discover these kinds of actions wherther it is hysical or verbal as bullying but will only see such behavior as normal and acceptable because they are use to that kind of behavior. For some individuals that are yound and are kids, poor academic performance can be another cause of bullying. Some of these children struggle in the schoolroom and feel that they are not being helped by teachers and even fellow classmates which can lead to them loosing hope. When hope is lost these children will act out a nd this can translate to them being bullies and seeking revenge on other children that are achieving more and doing well.These children become bullies that hurt, threaten and control other people because they are much angry, jealous and when can lead them to be very aggressive. Another cause for bullying is low self esteemwhen you add up all the possibilities, it should come as no surprise that bullies tend to struggle with self esteem . the outward behaviors they practice truly shows their true inner feelings. They lack self confidence, struggle to follow in and are ofen judeged by others and feel confident and feel powerful by controlling others.These individuals that are bullies who are often thought of as not as smart have little empathy for these victims and derive satisfaction from injuries and suffereing on others. They often defend their actions by saying that their victim started it by provoking them which guide to the bullys action. They are often anti social,and having a positive about violenve are some other traits often found in these bullies. Children arent always bullies but men and women of all ages can also be bullies.

Jazz music Essay

The origins of Jazz music can be traced back to Africa and the tribal and folk music of the local populace. The African style of acting music centered on the social interaction of tribe. Songs were created for specific occasions such as birth, marriages and deaths. Furthermore, everyone participated in the creation and per drawance of the music. The characteristics of the African music ar reflected in jazz. Rhythm is central to the creation of African song it involves clapping, using sticks or ones feet to pound the ground and the general use of the remains to create complex rhythms.The main instrument that was used while composing these pieces of music was the drum. A wide variety of percussion instruments made from animal flake and hollowed out gourds or wood were used to create the complex polyrhythms that would come to typify jazz music. The arrangement of the vocals in this tribal music form mingled a lot of call and response portions. The vocalist would sing a pattern or c all and be followed by a chorus of voices the response. This likewise found its way into jazz.Experimenting with vocal range and sounds is another characteristic of the African music form. Falsetto, note bending and different kinds of vocal manipulation were prevalent in their songs. Jazz singers displayed a similar quest for experimentation. Finally, most of this African music is composed around the pentatonic scale leaf a five note scale. This scale became the heart of jazz music. Jazz musicians combined the polyrhythms and the many variations of this simple five note scale to create the seemingly disorderly, yet technically challenging form of music.

QR Codes and Nursing Essay

Origin exclusivelyy invented in 1994, by the Denso Wave Corporation in Japan, debauched response codes, or QR codes were intended to for the motorcar manufacturer Toyota as a means to track vehicles, as well as vehicle move, during the manufacturing production stages of building their cars. The QR codes were designed to completelyow Toyota manufactures to identify parts by scanning a two dimensional barcode, or, QR code at high speed. Since its inception in 1994 QR codes welcome become one of the most commonplace types of barcode utilise in Japan. Used primarily through Smart phones, this technology quickly allows consumers to access learning contained in the QR code. In recent years the QR barcodes have infiltrated the United States via consumer advertisers and packaging companies. QR codes can be show on direct mail from advertisers, billboards, buses, internet ads, and have even crossed boarders into the healthc be industry (Wikipedia, 2012). thus far the Federal Governm ent is adopting the use of QR codes to reduce the risks associated with mistaken personnel identification.The United States Department of Defense has also boosted identification (ID) security of employees by adopting smart ID cards, which are essentially QR codes. Instead of using the traditional ID card with employee photos, the Department of Defense has issued smart ID cards which act much like QR codes, however, they more are more expensive to produce, and require ongoing IT support. Although they are more expensive than a traditional ID card, The Smart ID cards allow for faster verification of personnel, and may calm down some of the pressure on security officials who have to use their judgment based on an ID card flashed in their face.With one scan of the QR code, down to the minute, information can be displayed, which includes, authorizations for the employee, or their qualifications and, or credentials. The purpose of this communication is to explain the advantages and disa dvantages of participating in a QR code pilot program, such as Lifesquare, who has partnered with jot workers in Marin County, California to improve their ability to save lives in emergency situations through the use of QR codes, which allow them to access patient medical information including, medical history and medications currently taken.In umteen cases this is critical with regards to saving someones life. Having access to their medical history, and or current medications could be critical in an emergency situation, when metre is of the essence. In the medical field, this has become known as BCMA, which is bar code-assistedmedication administration. BCMA technology is being used as an aid to besiege medication administration errors, improve patient safety and provide more accurate medication administration documentation. Not only is this technology being used in the United States, however, this technology is also used in European countries including Denmark, Italy and the Ne therlands (Hassink, Jansen, Helmons, 2012). There have been many studies conducted over the years to conclude whether or non BCMA technology is advantageous to the medical field, including hospitals, doctors, nurses, and pharmacists.Research has concluded, that there are both advantages and disadvantages when implementing BCMA technology, as well as contrasting information when it comes down to whether or non the BCMA technology is actually reducing errors in medicine administration. Although, the studies have concluded that there are many issues with BCMA technology, none indicate that BCMA technology is failing to stay patient safety, which should be the main concern when administering medicine (Hassink, Jansen, Helmons, 2012). When researching the advantages to using BCMA technology, there werent many sources that provided straight to the point advantages, however, according to a 2010 quasi-experimental study Poon, et al., report that barcode medication administration systems have been associated with a 41% reduction in non-timing administration errors and a 51% reduction in potential adverse drug events from these errors, carrying the potential to prevent 95,000 possible ADEs (Poon 2010).If these numbers are correct, BCMA technology has to potential to prevent nearly 100,000 cases of ADE, which is and adverse drug event, in which are defined as an injury resulting from the use of a medicine or omission of an intended medicine (Hassink, Jansen, Helmons, 2012). Basically, when a patient is injured due to a medication error, it is considered and ADE. On the other hand, it seems that there was lots of information when it came down to the disadvantages of using BCMA technology. Since many of the studies conducted could not present any clear cut evidence and the fact that many of the studies regarding BCMA technology have contrasting information have produced many barriers to stop its implementation. Of the disadvantages, one of the main concerns was the pr ice to implement this technology.This includes the costs of the equipment and installation, along with training the provide on how to use a new and very complex technology such as BCMA. You also have todeal with the fact that not all people are computer savvy, and complicated software programs such as the BCMA technology may not be user friendly. Having a nurse that does not know how to operate this type of system may do more harm than good. Many nurses also feel that the BCMA process is very time consuming, however, studies found that there was no issue with regards to the time it took to administer medicine using this process.In conclusion, I would like to state that I feel that the BCMA process provide be very effective in the future and will most like be used throughout the medical field and in all hospitals. Although BCMA technology is not necessarily new, it is new in the field of medicine, and those that dont understand this process may be having a hard time accepting it. E ventually they will work out all of the kinks associated with BCMA technology, and we will see the numbers associated with medicine administration errors decrease, while we see an increase in patient safety.ReferencesHassink, J.J., Jansen, M.M., and Helmons, P, J. (2012). Effects of bar code-assisted medication administration BCMA) on frequency, type and severity of medication administration errors a review of the literature. Eur J Hosp Pharm 19, 489-494. Doi 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000058 Quick response codes. Retrieved November 22, 2012 from Wikipedia Poon, E. G., Keohane, C. A., Yoon, C. S., Ditmore, M. B., Bane, A. R., Levtzion-Korach, O. M., et al. (2010). Effect of Bar-Code Technology on the Safety of Medication Administration. New England Journal of Medicine , 362 (18), 1698-1707We Can But Should We?Chamberlain College of NursingBritney Adams

Personal Finance Plan Worksheet Essay

The process of creating a detailed plan to meet your pecuniary ineluctably and prepare for the future is called b. personal financial planning. 2. Which of the pursual is not unrivalled of the five major steps of the financial planning process? c. collect and deck up your financial information 3. Which phase in life is commonly associated with focus on marriage, family, purchasing a home, and career development? c. ate 20s through your 40s 4.Which of the by-line is a benefit of having a college degree that can affect your financial planning? d. all the above 5. Which of the following elements of a comprehensive financial plan involves analyzing future needs, such as saving for retirement or college funding for dependents? d. protecting wealth and dependents Directions Respond to the following short-answer questions in 50-to 100-words 6. People rent different styles when it comes to handling their money. dip the two things that affect your personal beliefs and opinions about f inancial planning.How well do you feel you parcel out your money? Can you spot areas for improvement in your money management style, and if so, where/how? a. Two things that affect my personal beliefs about financial planning are my family base and values. I want my family to be comfortable and I also save but not as much and often as I should. make sure I save for hard time and my family stability is a must. Setting up a bud return is a main topic in my household. b. I can do better and stop tapping into my savings. I do gull a savings handbill that is linked to my account.Everytime I spend something a dollar is sent to my savings, so that also help me balance my account as well. I also need to focus on our needs and not what we want. c. Yes I could stop spending more money and save more which is hard because we equitable moved and we are buying the house we are renting. Im roam money into the house but bills still have to be paid. We are starting to do a cypher to elimina te the how, who, when, and where. 7. Which element of the comprehensive financial plan focuses on your housing needs, setting aside money for emergencies, and establishing a career path?Consider your own finances. Do currectly own a fomite and/or home? If yes, how well do you manage monthly home and auto expenses? How well do you save for unforeseen expenses? a. Securing basic needs b. I own two vehicles and purchasing a home. We pay our mortgage at the beginning of the month in which we split, we pay the bills as soon as we get the bills and we split those as well, then the car notes are split up, and at the end of the month our car insurance is due. c. We have a savings account that pulls money from our checking whenever we spend money nd then we literally have what I call a piggy bank and we save change as well. There is nothing wrong about saving change because it does add up. 8. The economy is unpredictable and can affect your personal financial planning. List one factor in eco nomic conditions that may affect your financial future. How could you subvert the impact of that factor on your finances? a. Inflation b. To reduce the affect of fanfare is to save and go on a compute. You can also shop smarter by shopping cheaper, like generic brands.Also using coupons and your rewards card to reduce the cost of groceries and gas. You can shop around for the cheapest prices and most of the time if you buy in bulk its cheaper. 9. Which step in the five-step financial planning process requires you to elevate your financial information, create personal financial statements, and evaluate your authentic financial position? Have you ever completed this step? If so, is it still applicable to your current financial situation? If not, do you plan to do this soon? Why or why not? a.Step1 Analyze your current financial position. b. Yes I have done it before, but now we just moved and we are now creating a new budget. Since the bills have changed we have to do a new budge t and gather our bank statements, bills, and calculater our income to be more financially stable and save more money. We are currently going over a new budget as we speak. 10. Step Five in the five-step financial planning process discusses the importance of regularly reevaluating and revising your plan because personal circumstances often change.List two life changes that may require you to update your financial plan. Have you recently experienced a change that requires you to reevaluate your financial plan? If so, what was it and how have you accommodated it? (Please share only what you are comfortable sharing) a. Marriage and children b. I just recently got married and were just purchasing a home. My husband just received social security and 100% in military disability and I work. This make it a little easier for us to make it.I do have children and one is disabled so its tough but we make it. We split everything down the middle so no one person would be overwhelmed with paying al l the bills on their own. We try to do a budget and stick to it. We do bargin shop and try to limit where we go due to high gear gas prices. We also put money to the side for different things we want to do whether its go out to eat, go to the movies, or date night. We also put money back for food and gas. We include everything we do and everything that can happen in our budget and daily life.

Review of related literature Essay

CHAPTER II As mentioned earlier, it is indeed a certainty that the journals and books employ by the author of this study is such(prenominal) related to the issue cosmos discussed. The said journals atomic number 18 to be introduced hitherin. One of the basic circumstanceors of success in any organizational progress is the art of indigence. However, motivational procedures ar not that comfort equal to apply especially if the crowd to be dealt with is not that inclined or cooperative in the progress being implied in a specific organization.According to Martinez, in his book entitled solicitude Theory and Practice, motivation consists of three basic phases of development Examination of the site Before anything could be started, it is very important to first examine the real stance and how the situation is supposed to be dealt with. This may include an evaluation of the bear witness circumstances and how it could be related to what future results be expected from the program or motivational procedure to be implemented. (Martinez, 121) Consideration of the Participants.Who are the participants to the program or the procedural approach? This question should be considered upon the formulation of the motivational processes that would be chosen by the administration to be implemented. (Martinez, 15) Application of Procedures After evaluating the situation and determine the people who would be involved in the programs, the application of the formulated procedures could already be commenced in a planned way. In this manner considerably delightful results could be expected upon completion of the procedures. (Martinez, 16)Through the constant observation of the completion of the said phases, program procedures could be expected to become successful. The presence of the processes mentioned in here could determine the success of any applied motivational procedures by any business administration or even educational institutions at that. Meanwhile, Don Dinkmeyer in his book entitled Leadership by Encouragement stresses about the richness of encouragement in becoming a nice leader. He differentiates that the main fair game of leadership is to help their colleagues progress for themselves and the organization they work as well (Dinkmeyer, 41).Hence, this means that among the important computes that each person within an organization should consider is the fact that they pick up to be leaders in their own ways and encourage their co-workers to progress in a way by which the organization and they themselves could gain ground oft. Dinkmeyer provided adds, there are necessary factors to consider in being a fine leader of encouragement (44). Here are some of the suggested factors of concern in Dinkmeyers book As a leader, a consider equal act of control is needed however, concern for colleagues is also a character necessary for leaders to have.(18) Motivating people for further self progress and organizational benefit is one of the l eaders most important functions in a team. Hence, this science should be enhanced and considered a major work for leaders. (19,20) Empathy for another(prenominal) colleagues concern in the motivational program should be applied. Yes, being able to understand how others musical note about the progress procedures should be considered by the leaders. This way they are able to charter the challenge of relations with peoples reactions towards the program and be able to motivate them to take the progressive procedures as well.(25) Yes, by being able to become an ideal leader, a person could be able to encourage other people around him to be able become mote progressive in their own ways. One of the basic reasons why this study has been commenced is the fact that the motivational processes are passing concerned with language classrooms, specifically ESL classes. In this regard, Zoltan Dornyei talks about specific factors of concern especially on the part of the educators when they a re dealing with their students. Here are some of the suggestions he mentions Be leaders and become role models in class.As the educators show their enthusiasm in teaching, the students too are able to have encouragement to learn the language with enthusiasm as well. Make the Classroom Environment Lively This could include the ability of the educators to encourage their students to accost out their ideas and their thoughts regarding the issues being discussed which should be of interest to the students depending on their age and their races. This would allow the students understand the language they are trying to learn while enjoying sharing their thoughts at the same time. Be Open to Suggestions from StudentsThe fact that the students also necessitate to have exposure to the language at a certain level, the educators should consider hearing what they want form the class to be able to help them participate to a greater extent(prenominal) during discussions. This way, they could become more progressive with their studies as the classes continue. With regards to the direct worker motivation processes, Abraham Maslow has something to say about the theories of motivation that could be utilized in encouraging the people to work hard not only for their own good but for the good of their organization as well.According to him, there are necessary physiological needs of the workers that must be provided by the organizations to be able to get the scoop out of their employees. Among the breakdown of his hierarchy of needs of employees are three major points of consideration Needs of self-actualization As an intrinsic motivation, this factor of concern is directed to an employees ability understand that he is of some worth to the organization he is working for. Preconditions for the basic satisfaction.Also considered as an intrinsic motivation, this concept of encouraging the employees involves the fitted aspects of the employees within themselves due to the work they are doing. Desires to know and understand One of the important factors of self satisfaction is ones ability to learn more as an additional knowledge to for themselves from their jobs. True, this factor of consideration in motivating the employees helps a lot in making them realize that they have certain benefit form the work they are engaged with.Thus they are motivated to work even better to be able to gain their benefit from their companionship. On the other hand, Frederick Herzberg talks about external motivation that has to be implied to be able to encourage employees to work at their best. Among the said extrinsic aspects of motivation are Achievements Recognition Growth and Advancement Interest in the Job These four factors of consideration helps the employee realize that their abilities are appreciated by their organization and are apply as a reason for others to follow their work ethics and attitudes.With the use of these suggestions, it could be expected that the classroom procedures would become more ample and more progressive for the capability of the students to use the side Language more effectively. Hence, the programs of learning would be more effective and practical for more and more students who are interested to take the ESL courses that the learning institutions offer. With the utilization of the literatures mentioned herein, the discussion of the issue being tackled in this paper shall be continued towards its completion.CHAPTER III Discussions An ample amount of motivation in the Toronto ESL program offerings have resulted in considerable successful final products. However, the question here is, how much motivation did it take before the educators were convinced to take on the challenges of teaching other races with the ESL programs that has been formulated for the different institutions to include in their learning programs? Certainly, motivating people to take on the challenges of change is not an easy task.According to A ndrew Duffys report on Canadian learning institutions, Canadas failing of a number of students who are studying in the said pastoral has been due to the fact that the seriousness upon the program that the students are ought to learn has not been realized much by the students themselves. As a result, educators handling this type of situation also loose their enthusiasm upon the application of the program, which they ought to offer to their students. This situation wherefore called for much motivational processes on the part of the administrators of the learning institutions.The Motivational Procedures Specifically centre on the institutions in Toronto, Canada, it has been reported that the staffing of ESL teachers has been increased in a intimacy of time to be able to support the existing teaching force with the other educators that are needed to attend the needs of the students in Toronto. Notifying the educators on how to specifically help the students realize what they have to learn about their chosen courses have make so much difference for the reports which were once reported about Toronto.The Toronto Star reports that in a nationwide survey of some 9,000 high school dropouts in Canada, three out of every 10 dropouts leave school because of boredom. Good grades are no indicator that students will stay in school, as all over 30 percent of those surveyed had high marks. Jim Livermore, vice president of the Ontario Secondary School teachers Federation was not surprised. He stated Boredom is more of a factor today than it was 20 years ago because of television. To interest kids everything today has to be glitzy, high tech and showy. Mr. Livermore feels that some of the brightest minds are not being challenged in school.He added that the old way of teaching doesnt work any more. Rather than lecture-style teaching, we have to get students more involved in learning. Hence, it has been added in the motivational procedures the educators need to be educate t hemselves. This education includes teaching strategy enhancement as well as informing the teachers on the real need of the country of having face Speaking citizens. It has been stressed out that the production of students who are able to speak professional business English gives the country a greater chance of being globally competitive, as their employees become world class.Hence, the educators were able to realize the need for the said program. As a result, the educators were motivated to continuously assist their students to becoming highly competent when it comes to using the English language in a professional level. Results of Motivation After the motivational procedures have been implemented, fine results have been received by several(prenominal) Toronto learning institutions. Yes, the application of the learned strategies through the motivational programs, which were commenced, proved to be productive and successful for the students who were able to realize the need for them to progress on their own way.Certainly, it has been observed that much of the motivational tactics that the administrations used for these programs were indeed effective. The motivation that the teachers were able to gain during the training programs has directly affected the way the students get word their need to learn their subjects. The fact that the teachers realized the need for the program in their place, the programs became much productive, able to give the students the ample training they need to be able to become competent enough in the usage of the English language.This then helps the Canadian employers to be more at ease as they hire students who were produced by the Toronto learning institutes. STUDENT COMPETENCY RESULTS The existence of fine educator skills, excellent learning environment, and constant encouragement form educators have been able to result to several considerable results on the part of the English speaking skills of the students. The competency of the educators has driven the students to learn more and apply the subjects they have learned to their own everyday lives.It has been more often than not the students were motivated to learn more everyday as they see the enthusiasm from their teachers to help them learn the language and apply the language in their daily activities. The confidence among individual students has also been developed through the educating programs. The process of learning for the students became more accommodating and progressive as it gave attention to their needs and gave importance to their development not only as English speakers but as individuals living in Canada as well. CHAPTER 4 Overall Situational Assessment.With the inside information of ESL development programs in Canada, specifically in Toronto, listed in this paper, it shows how much motivational procedures aimed towards the educators could contribute so much on the way the students progress in their studies. The effectiveness of the curriculum of English learning offered in institutions of education is highly based upon the enthusiasm of the educators to handle their classes while being able to meet the needs of each of their students. Indeed, teaching students with so much diversity among them is a great challenge to any educator in the learning industry.The consequences though of ample training and motivation with regards to the teaching strategies used by the educators is indeed fruitful and beneficial on the part of the students and the economic growth of the country basing from the competency of the employees produced by the institutions, regardless of the fact that they are autochthonal English speakers or not. In this manner, the certainties of the employers on the new graduates of learning institutions become stronger and the results of the job done by these students are much globally competitive as they re able to use the English language in professional applications.Chapter 5 Conclusion From the study that has been presented herein, it is obvious that the situation of organizations is constantly changeable. Most likely, the pore is to continuously make possibilities for changes. TO be effective in facing company challenges in facing grievances and demands of the employees within a certain organization, it is indeed advisable for the serviceman resource management to take necessary steps in creating strategic structure of Human Resources Department Organization.This means that as the HR faces so much turmoil in managing people, the whole body of the HRD should be subdivided into several parts who would be in charged in facing only specific details on the organizations internal affairs. In this way, the responsibilities would be distributed and the issues would be more focused upon by personnels who are more experienced on the matter at concern.As for example, a certain group within the HRD would be in charged in salary and payment grievances, another on benefits, then another on finance s and so on and so forth. Having this structural design of organization would ease the troubles of the Human Resources Department in facing company issues, all at the same time.Surely, the decisions that would be made in this manner would be more thought about and in turn, would become more effective and practical as well. As years continue to progress, employees of organizations become more and more demanding. Because of this, the Human Resource Department is faced with more and more problems, which they are expected to fix. True, the challenges for the HRD continuously grows and as an answer to this, the HR. should also consider continuous development in terms of effective practices in facing issues. Indeed, the Human Resources Management has the most complex and complicated work in an organization.Yet, by the use of strategic approach in facing issues, the Human Resources Management would be able to survive the struggles and emerge victorious in bringing the organizations to pros perous status.BIBLIOGRAPHY Internet Journal Sources The Community Social Planning Council of Toronto. (2005). Community Voices, Perspectives and Priorities. http//72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cacheLHaAxJemZSoJwww. inclusivecities. ca/publication/reports/Toronto-ICC-Report. pdf+ESL+in+Toronto+Canada+reports&hl=tl&gl=ph&ct=clnk&cd=6. (November 7, 2007). The 2003 Atkinson Fellowship In Public Policy. (2003).Class Struggles Public Education and the New Canadian. http//www. atkinsonfoundation. ca/files/Duffyrev. pdf. (November 7, 2007). A. H. Maslow. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. http//www. advancedhiring. com/docs/theory_of_human_motivation. pdf. (November 7, 2007). Frederick Herzberg. (2006). Human Relations Contributors. http//www. accel-team. com/human_relations/hrels_05_herzberg. html. (November 7, 2007). Books Don Dinkmeyer. (1995). Leadership By Encouragement. CRC Publishing Company. Zoltan Dornyei. (2001). Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom. Cambridge Univers ity Press. Lewis E. Losoncy.(2003).The Motivating Team Leader. DC Press. Barbara Burnaby. (1992). Socio-Political Aspects of ESL in Canada. Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. JoAnn Phillion. (2002). Narrative Inquiry in a Multicultural Landscape Multicultural Teaching and Learning (Issues in Curriculum Theory, Policy, and Research). Ablex Publishing. Devon Woods. (1996). Teacher Cognition in Language Teaching Beliefs, Decision-Making and Classroom Practice (Cambridge Applied Linguistics). Cambridge University Press. Craig Chaudron. (1998). Second Language Classrooms Research on Teaching and Learning (Cambridge Applied Linguistics).Cambridge University Press. HYBELS. (2003). communication Effectively. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages Jere Brophy. (2004). Motivating Students to Learn (2nd Edition). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 2nd edition. Irene M. A. Henley. (2004). Aviation Education and Training Adult Learning Principles and Teaching Strategies. Ashgate Pub lishing Company. Ken Hultman. (2001). Balancing respective(prenominal) and Organizational Values Walking the Tightrope to Success. Pfeiffer 1st edition. Ezdras Martinez. (1990). Management Theory and Practice. Rex Book Publishing Manila.

Family Matters: Literary Analysis of the Veldt and Heart of a Dog Essay

Family Matters Literary Analysis of The veld and Heart of a Dog A family unit is like a fragile, expensive artifact. It female genital organ be absolutely beautiful, but it can as well as absolutely shatter into a million pieces if the wrong entity gets ahold of it. Some eras, this critical entity that shatters it may be engineering science that has been employ in the wrong ways. In both The Veldt, by Ray Bradbury, and Heart of a Dog, by Mikhail Bulgakov, the tycoonfulness of applied science threatens to bring down the family unit as the reader commonly knows it.The technology in each(prenominal) book first grows the idea of family, but ultimately ends up hurting the neighborly combat-ready of the family it had hoped to expand. These books look the problems that technology causes that were originally trying to fix them. In this way, technology helped to support these families initially, but last knocked them down, shattering them hopelessly into the ground. In Ray Bradbur ys The Veldt, the Hadley family wanted technology to make their lives easier, more care renounce, and as a life enhancer. They made their house do everything possible to mechanize ordinary household chores.The Happylife Home dress and fed and rocked them to sleep and played and sang and was good to them (12) this indicated the attempt to create an environment that would be free of worries. The nursery, the dreamlike play point George Hadley had installed because nothing is too good for our children (14) was so amazing that George was filled with amazement for the mechanical genius who had conceived this room (15) In this sense, George was doing what he could for his family, trying to bring them closer by providing the mode to a happier existence for his kids, as well as his wife.With every chore taken care of, what worries could maven possibly have? As the family would eventually find out, there were quite a few problems. in truth quickly did this dreamlike world filled with ea siness and carefree living come crashing down on the Hadleys. With her regular duties such as cooking and cleaning taken up by the omnipresent house, Lydia Hadley was deprive of her usual sanity she finds in her chores. She vents about her replacement as a caretaker in the family when she states, I detect like I dont belong here. The house is wife and mother now, and nursemaid.Can I compete with an African veldt? Can I give a bath and scrub the children as efficiently or quickly as the automatic scrub bath can? I cannot. (16) era the house was designed to make Lydias home life much less stressful, she laments the fact that her place in the family has been overtaken by an inanimate object, and that she has lost all hope of connecting with her family. She is also not the only soul whose role has changed via the houses do everything programming. Lydia comments on her husbands nature by reflection You look as if you didnt know what to do with yourself in this house, either.You smo ke a little moredrink a little moreneed a sedative every night. Youre outset to feel unnecessary too. (17) These mechanical tools that were intended to increase family bonding time by taking outdoor(a) chores have or else induced a sense of laziness. This was a critical step for the Hadleys, replacing everyday work not with enriching playtime, but with sheer boredom, showing how this technology has worsened their conditions. The technology essentially replaced George and Lydia as parents and caretakers, setting the stage for a social upheaval in the family.When the nursery was left to its own devices, the kids, prick and Wendy, grew in power, lookmingly overthrowing George and Lydia, ceasing to listen to them anymore. A chilling example of this is when George threatens to turn off the house and shaft of light coldly states, I dont think youd better consider it any more, Father. To which George replies I wont have any threats from my give-and-take (23) This shows how the p ower balance has shifted from the adults to the kids. Peter turns into a cold, mean-spirited son when George keeps threatening to turn off the house, boldly proclaiming Oh, how I hate youI wish you were dead (26) This is just now foreshadowing a few pages later when the kids lock George and Lydia into the nursery with the lions, to be brutally murdered. Over the physical body of just a short time, the reader witnesses how the technology of the house had overturned a seemingly bright family into a socially backward, messed up family. In Mikhail Bulgakovs Heart of a Dog, Philip Philippovich uses his surgical practices in swan to create a family unit, which ultimately runs astray. Philippovich uses his technology on the dog Sharikov in order to transform he dog to a human and assert his dominance over this human that he creates. It is an incredible job in technology that starts with a positive thought about creation, yet ends in pure misadventure and despair.While Preobrazhensky may not have the stereotypical family situation, it can be argued that by asserting his experimental condition as master of Sharikov, Preobrazhensky was claiming his status as a father figure for Sharikov. One such time where Sharikov calls Philipovich his dad is during a meal in which Philipovich is being very impatient with Sharikov, and Sharikov retorts, saying Youre acquiring too hard on my, dad. (70) While Philipovich gets very defensive about this statement, and doesnt want to be called a dad, the fact that Sharikov even considers this a possibility is a huge telltale sign into their social structure of the home. It is also essentially the beginning of the end for their life as a family unit. While the technology of the surgery may have led to a creation of a family dynamic between Sharikov and Preobrazhensky, however, eventually this same dynamic eventually crashes, and the same technology used to create a human being to a dog, transforms that same human back into a dog.Th is represents the dismantling of a family unit by the pass on of the same technology that set it up in the first place. Philippovich has an epiphany near the end of the novel, realizing he does not need to be a creator, a father figure, when nature itself will take care of the creating. Preobrazhensky grumbles, The surgery skill be possible to turn a dog into a highly advanced human. But what the nether region for? Doctor, the human race takes care of this by itself, and every year, in the course of its evolution, it creates dozens of outstanding geniuses who invest the earth, stubbornly selecting them out of the mass of scum (103).This is when he decides that the technology he has been using to create his family dynamic is essentially useless, and that the technology of the surgery only caused him more harm than good. In comparing these two books readers can see how the use of different forms of technology worked on each family unit in similar ways, in the lead to a destructi on of family. In The Veldt, the Hadley family comes as an already established, traditional family structure, however, upon the introduction to technology seemingly fall apart at the seams. This is contrasted to theHeart of a Dog, where the definition of family is slightly different. In this book, the reader can see how technology singlehandedly create and then pull apart a family structure, effectively showing the immense power that this technology has. In each book, however, we can see the huge difference that this technology makes on the family. The Veldt has a murderous ending which can be solely attributed to the new technological advances of the nursery. The Heart of a Dog displays a harsh yet familial father-son relationship that breaks down with the misuse of the powerful technology that created it.Through these two novels the reader discovers how technology, when misused, can cause the serious destruction of family. Both Bradbury and Bulgakov challenge the sentiment that t echnology is always progressive in nature, and instead offer an alternative, showing how technology can instead break and crumble an important social institution. Both stories can be looked at as at one point incredible artifacts which, via the mistaken power of technology, collapsed onto themselves and shattered into mess.

Emily Martin: The Egg and the Sperm Essay

It is human nature to place self-reliance into acquisition because it is heavily researched and perceived as the verity. However, Emily Martin shows that the young-bearing(prenominal) role in the reproductive process is not thoroughly depicted. Martin said, part of my goal in pen this article is to shine a bright light on the gender stereotypes hidden within the scientific language of biology. This article demonstrates how the female role in the reproductive cycle is just as insistent, if not more, as the males role. Emily Martin proposes that light defines women as having a non-active and less significant role in the reproductive process.The role in which women play in the cycle of life is depicted by dint of science as far more passive function than that of the male. The egg is seen as passive. It does not move and is transported along the fallopian tube. In contrast, spermatozoon are seen as active. They deliver their genes to the egg and development starts. Martin quot es Gerald Schatten and Helen Schatten in that the egg acts as a Sleeping Beauty, a dormant bride awaiting her mates magic kiss, which instills spirit that brings her to life, date the sperm is on a mission to move through the female genital tract in quest of the ovum.However, through recent research, scientist concluded that the egg performs several functions and is quite active itself in the reproductive process. Before this research it was thought that sperm were powerful penetrators capable of thrusting itself through the inner vestments of the egg. later much research, scientists in biophysics labs at Johns Hopkins University determined that the propelling force of the sperm is very weak, and that only if through the adhesive molecules on the egg and sperm do the two stick.The zona acts as a sperm catcher and has to capture and tether the sperm before it can penetrate. But the most active and arouse roll the egg plays is that it serves as a sophisticated biological security system that screens incoming sperm, selects only those compatible with fertilization and development, prepares sperm for fusion with the egg and later protects the resulting embryo from polyspermy. Here the egg plays one-third vital roles in the developmental process of the embryo. It chooses which sperm is well-suited, sets up the fertilization process, and protects the sperm through the consentient process.The author was effective in providing textual examples of the scientific language that wrongly represents the female role in the reproductive cycle. She quotes medical textbooks as referring to the menstrual cycle as debris of the uterine lining, the result of necrosis, or death of tissue. Martin goes on to counter this quote with an example of the positive language used to describe the sperm in saying, Whereas the female sheds only a single gamete each month, the seminiferous tubules produce hundreds of millions of sperm each day.Both quotes provide strong examples of the s cientific language used. Quoting such language not only provides the auditory modality with examples to better prove her point, but that because this information is coming from a medical textbook provides the reader with confidence in the cited source. One way in which this scientific discrepancy can be improved is by teaching it at a young age. This could be done by implementing a new class in informal educational classes in public schools.It is important that the new curriculum use diametrical language and metaphors to deter from the stereotypical view of the reproduction process. This may at least curb the sexual bias of this subject to future generations. This article reveals how scientific language can create misconceptions about the truth about the sperm and the egg. Martin cautions us about metaphors in science. While many of us believe science to be undoubtedly true, bias can be lurking.

Silk Road

The Silk Road was a heap vane the connected the East to the West on the Eurasian continent. This make out included both overland and maritime routes. The central Asian kingdoms and peoples became the nexus point for much of this guile which lasted from the 3rd ampere-second B. C. E. to the 15th century C. E. Many products and other heathenish structures moved along the Silk Road and diffused among various kingdoms along it. In breaking down and separating the patterns of interaction that occurred along the Silk Road from 200 B. C. E. to 1450 C. E. one can conclude that changes and continuities in these interactions included products traded (changes in specific products and impact, continuity in luxury goods), cultural expressions and diffusion (changes in esthetic expressions and societal impacts, continuity in diffusion), and religious belief (changes in the worships that traveled and impact, continuity in deal out of religion along the trade route ). One of the patterns o f interaction along the Silk Road was in the products that were traded. The Silk Road trade system was created by interactions between Han China in the 2nd century B. C. E. nd their horse opera neighbors when an hostile expedition for aloneiances to deal with a pesky neighbor turned into something else. The first product traded for on the Silk Road were Ferghana horses that the Chinese leader of the expedition Zhang Qian brought back with him which stimulated a trade between the Han and Central Asia for these fine struggle horses . In return, Central Asian kingdoms began to see various Chinese goods such as silk plainly in addition jades, medicinal herb, bronze and other luxury goods. This trade continued shutdown-to-end the first four centuries of the timeframe with more groups getting involved in the lucrative trade.Indian spices and cotton, europiuman gold and silver, and Central Asian horses and camels all started being acquired by for each one other . With the fall of both the Han and Roman pudding stones by the 476 CE, the trade declined ascribable to less demand and merchants fear of trading on less protected routes . The filch of the Tang Empire in the 7th century C. E. , along with a stabilized Byzantine empire in the West, led to a renewed vigor as well as the Abbasid caliphate in the mediate East led to stabilized trade routes again .From the East, study and porcelain begin to appear. The stapes appears out of the put East and influences both atomic number 63 and China. In europium it creates the medieval feudal knights because they can at a time encumbrance seated and weld a long lance without fear of being unseated. A similar emphasis is put on heavy cavalry in China for the same reasons as Europe . Europe continues to export gold and silver from the West because it was what was valued heavily by eastern merchants as a medium of exchange (pretty much accepted everywhere ). By the tenth century C. E. China was in decline again under the Song dynasty and lost control over much of the central and northwestern parts of the trade route. They began to emphasize more the of the southern maritime routes and thus because of this invent the maritime mountain chain that will make its way across to the West and later lead to an age of discovery with Portugal at the end of this timeframe circa 1450 C. E. beginning to search out another maritime route straight offly to Asia by exploring the African coast using Chinese inspired compasses and Moslem maps of the Indian Ocean .With arrival of the Mongol conquests in the 1200s C. E. , once again the Silk Road has a sponsor to protect the merchants and trade thrives between East Asia, the Islamic Middle East and Europe . Silk, porcelain, and paper continue to come from the East along with gunpowder. Gunpowder now shows up on the Silk Road because of the Mongols taking it from China and using it in a more direct fashion in its conquests . Cannon now appear at the end of the timeframe being used by the Ottomans in their conquest of Constantinople in 1453 and by the Portuguese on their caravel ships .Central and due south Asian products still include spices and animals but now cotton analogouswise begins to appear within the trade out of India . Because the Mongols controlled so much territory from China to Russia and the Middle East (they conquered Baghdad and overthrew the Abbasid caliphate), the Silk Road prospered like no other time and products flowed freely from East to West . A continuity throughout the timeframe was the particular that luxury goods usually drove the trade. Because products had to travel such great distances and thus there were so legion(predicate) middle men, only the very wealthy could partake of the trade .That is why gold and silver were best-loved exchange mediums for the trade of silk and other fine eastern products . Another pattern of interaction was cultural expression and diffusion . In the early part of the t imeframe (200 B. C. E. -1450 CE), there was very little cultural influence occurring . This is because intermediaries carried on the trade between the Han and Roman empires and the two imperial powers really had no contact directly with each other . During the Tang dynasty in the middle of the timeframe, this actually changes.Persian dance and the game of polo are introduced in China as well as musical and clothing styles which become popular . Chinese paper influenced the Islamic and European medieval finiss with written works now becoming more the norm in saving and transmitting cultural knowledge such as written bibles, histories, math and other quick discoveries . At the end of the timeframe during the 13th through 15th centuries the Mongols were instrumental in the dissemination of knowledge throughout the Middle East territory they controlled.Islamic scholars in all fields have their works distribute from Europe to China . In Europe, a Renaissance emerges due to reconnectio n to Silk Road trade because of the Crusades which began in the 10th century and continued into the 13th century. Crusaders reconnected with Eastern luxury goods such as spices and cloth but were also culturally influenced when they saw large vibrant, urban cities . It changed their outlook on life in general. Some antediluvian patriarch works such as the Greeks were re-introduced due to reconnection with the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid caliphate .Also eastern works were communicate along the Silk Road thus inspiring Muslim and European scholars. The works of Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo become hits in Europe and the Muslim world because they opened the eyes of the people to the broader world that existed. Marco Polo actually traveled under security system of the Mongol Khan while Battuta traveled in the Muslim realm due to his being more comfortable in Arabic speaking kingdoms that practiced his form of religion . The station of merchants also changed by the end of the period in China because of the Mongols.During the Han period and other dynasties, Confucian principles kept merchants at the prat the social hierarchy. Because the Mongols valued the profits they could generate, merchants under the Yuan period held much higher stations in life . A continuity in this period was the constant cultural diffusion that took place as intermediaries engaged one another and kingdoms became acquainted with each other. Lifestyles changed and peoples were introduced to new knowledge throughout the period.Religion, art, and knowledge were continually diffused throughout the history of the Silk Road . The last pattern of interactions that was evident on the Silk Road was that of religion . Trade was a great disseminator of culture along the routes of trade and religion was one of those cultural traits that spread throughout the period. Three major religions spread along the Silk Road- Christianity, Buddhism and Islam . Buddhism appeared early on the Silk Road in rough ly the first century B. C. E.It was forced out of India due to its rejection by the Hindu majority but found homes in places like Tibet, China, Japan, and Southeast Asia . Many steppe peoples adopted it because it fit into their animistic religions of a frequent spirit. Lower class people and women adopted it due to its equalitarian nature and its promise of an afterlife . It spread throughout the timeframe appearing in China and Japan during the Tang dynasty and being reinforced in places like Tibet and Mongolia when the Mongols adopted it .Christianity also spread along the trade routes in Western Asia but was blocked from cattle ranch any farther eastward than the Byzantine Empire due to the rise of Islam in the middle of the period during the 7th and 8th centuries . Because of the adoption of Islam by the Il-Khan khanate, Islam would make its way into southern China by the end of the period in the 14th and 15th centuries . Christianity and Buddhism were spread by missionaries while Islam was primarily spread by merchants and by the sword.Buddhism as stated earlier continually spread throughout the period and found holiday resort primarily in Central, East, and Southeast Asia . It did not spread westward due to Islam and Christianity having hold on western Asia and Europe . In conclusion, there were several patterns of interaction on the Silk Road due to the many contrastive cultures that interacted on it. It influenced cultural expressions, spread of religion, and as well as products and ideas that changed many cultures such as the stirrup and gunpowder to name a couple.These interactions were not all positive however in that one of the byproducts of this trade led to the spread of bubonic plague from China to Europe. The Black Death as it was called in Europe is one of the reasons that Silk Road trade diminished as well as the isolationist policies of the Ming emperors who abhorred all things contrary and the collapse of the Mongol empire due to inte rnal fragmentation. Trade systems such as the trans-Saharan trade and the Indian Ocean maritime system had many of the same cultural impacts as the Silk Road and in constitutional created early global networks of trade .

A Narrative Inquiry on the Life History of Betty Siegel

Known for her outstanding achievework forcet in educational policy, Dr. Betty Lentz Siegel was the longest share female president at Kennesaw State University. In 1981, she assumed the position at Kennesaw State University, which thence was a four-year college institution with 4,000 school-age childs and 15 baccalaureate degree programs. Under her tutelage, Kennesaw State University achieved its university status with much than 18,000 student enrollees and 55 undergraduate and graduate degree programs (online Golden Key transnational keep an eye on Society International).It was her dream and leading that brought the educational institution to its current university status focusing on team reverse with the creation of quick administrative teams and group interaction. With her guidance, the institution implemented several(prenominal) initiatives and high profile activities that created opportunities and experience of the institution in the local and state communities. In the book Searching for Academic Excellence Twenty Colleges and Universities on the regard and their Leaders, Dr.Siegel was in a limelight in her accomplishment for Kennesaw State University (online Golden Key International Honour Society International). In her 25 years of service in the institution, Kennesaw State University received numerous recognition and awards for its outstanding achievements (online Golden Key International Honour Society International). Its awards are as follows 1987, chosen as whiz of the top deuce-ace college colleges and universities in its nationwide competition focusing on The President and the macrocosm by the Council of Advancement and Support of study (CASE) 1989 1991, Kennesaw State in any case caught public attention as the US News and World Report acknow leadges Kennesaw States exemplary programs in minority recruitment and retention, lead programs for efficiency, staff, administrators and students, and international initiatives. US News and World Report distinguishes Kennesaw State as the countrys up and comers and rising stars in the Souths regional institutions. 2003, KSU received recognition to vex one of xii founding institution included in the program authorize Foundation of Excellence in the stolon College Year of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities.In addition, this recognition also gave KSU the needed funding to pursue the projects of the RTM play for Leadership, Ethics Characters, which Dr. Siegel is the Endowed Chair. 2006, US News and World Report ranked KSU as number one among the 25 educational institution known for their let outing partnership programs. In addition, the magazine highlights the schools first year freshman experience program. Academic Background Behind the outstanding accomplishment of KSU is Dr. Siegels utmost leadership, dedication, and commitment to education. Dr. Siegels faculty member areas of expertise include child psychology and administration.Her o utstanding academic achievement also marks her commitment for continuous learning. She received her Ph. D from Florida State University, A master in Education from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a B. A. n English and History from call down Forest University and an Associate of Arts from Cumberland College. She also has received her two-year post-doctoral study in Clinical boor Psychology at Indiana University. She holds honorary doctorates from Cumberland College in Kentucky, Miami University in Ohio, Eastern Kentucky University, Lynchburg College, Morehead State University, and southerly computerized axial tomography State University.Professional accomplishments Dr. Siegel had been an accomplished educational administrator even before coming to Kennesaw State. She started as a faculty member for several universities such as Indiana University and Lenoir-Rhyne College. And in 1967, she taught at the University of Florida. In 1971, she became the first cleaning l ady Dean of Academic Affairs for Continuing Education at the University of Florida. She moved to Western Carolina University in the aim of Education and Psychology in 1976 and was also the first woman to hold the position of academic dean for the University.In 1981, she came to Kennesaw State where she has started several programs and afterwards became the first female president. Dr. Siegel was also co-founded and co-directed a non-profit organization chartered in North Carolina since 1982. She worked with an esteemed colleague Dr. William Purkey in establishing International Alliance for Invitational Education. The organization currently has more than 12,000 members of different professionals from over twelve countries, who seek to apply the concepts of invitational education to their personal and professional lives (online International Alliance of Invitational Education).In 1999, the Center for Invitational Leadership was created to advance the computer simulation of invitati onal education by offering opportunities for professional to participate in leadership development programs. Its mission is to to enhance lifelong learning, to invoke positive change in organizations, to cultivate the personal and professional growth and satisfaction of educators and allied professionals, and to better the lives of gentle beings, personally and professionally. (online Radford Universitys Center for Invitation Leadership). Moreover, with the high-regards to the accomplishments of Dr.Siegel, she has delivered keynote addresses at hundreds of national, regional, and state conferences throughout United States, Puerto anti-racketeering law and ten different foreign countries and has lectured for over 120 colleges and universities round the world. She is an internationally- and nationally-known lecturer and motivational speaker on leadership, educational issues, and the concerns of women. She has also served as a consultant to a wide range of businesses such as educ ational institutions, businesses, non-profit organizations, health-care services, government and socio-civic groups (online Golden Key International Honour Society International).Public Service Dr. Siegel has also worked in community improvement programs of the government. In 1997, Governor Zell Miller institute Dr. Siegel to represent the State of Georgia on the Southern Growth Policies Boards 1998 Commission on the Future of the South. Prior to that, she also stand for Governor Miller at the Presidents Summit of Americas Future held at Philadelphia in 1997. Currently, she has been appointed as to serve as member of Governor Perdues Commission for a New Georgia.Her work in the commission was largely publicized as she was the driving force behind the establishment of the Cobb Education Consortium. The Cobb Education Consortium was created to form a collaborative organization among the public educational institution to accord the resources, energies, and talents of the member inst itutions to address areas of common concern in moving public education in Cobb earth from its current level of excellence to the exemplary level which will be needed to prepare students to become responsible leaders, capable workers, and well-rounded human beings. (online Cobb Education Consortium) In addition, she also served as a temper of subcommittee on post-secondary options for the Georgia P-16 initiative. The initiative aims to a comprehensive and collaborative statewide effort aimed at airlift expectations and ensuring student success from pre-school through post-secondary education. The initiative is different than other educational reform efforts because it impacts the entire educational spectrumnot just the parts. (online University System of Georgia)Lastly, she initiated the Northwest Crescent Alliance between the three private colleges and three public institutions. The alliance was create to develop programs of collaboration in economic development, enhancement of the arts, the preservation of Southern/Appalachian culture and report, and the development and promotion of community leadership. (online Northwest Crescent Leadership Alliance) Publications Dr. Siegel has recently co-published with Dr. Purkey entit conduct Becoming an Invitational Leader. The book offers a fresh and innovative personal mannerl based on a single theoretical framework.It deviates from the traditional control and dominance model of leadership to one that focuses on connectedness, cooperation and communication. This model has been adopted in the International Alliance for Invitational Education and had been applied in numerous field including administration, business, nursing, dentistry, counseling, and other professions. Purpose of the Study Successful and well-established teacher on leadership, Dr. Siegels life history has been a model for many aspiring leaders. She not only teaches about leadership, moreover she has embodied what she has taught.Her success has le d to many researchers to examine what leadership truly is. Indeed, many have published life-stories and lessons on managements leadership, but many have looked into it in lens following the theoretical framework of industrial management. The use of the study is to examine the perceptions of people surrounding the leadership during the tenure of Dr. Siegel at Kennesaw State University. We will looked at what people think within and outside Kennesaw State Universitys phenomenal growth in likeness to Dr. Siegels leadership.By examining the perceptions of Dr. Siegel in her tenure at Kennesaw State University, trends may emerge regarding leadership attitudes and/or leadership style. In undertaking this study using news report inquiry, we hope to answer the following questions 1. What are events and influences that formed Dr. Siegels mental model and invitational leadership theory? 2. What are the factors attracted and the perceptions students and alumni with Dr. Siegels leadership? 3. What is the economic value and contribution of Dr. Siegel to the collar of leadership? Review of Related LiteratureIn the book Telling Womens Lives Narrative Inquiries in the history of Womens Education, Weiler and Middleton (1999) explored the broader questions of gender and power through education. They have in discussing the stories of women as teachers come crosswise on topics of education bureaucracies, material condition of women teachers, and the ways concepts of gender and sexuality have shaped experiences of men and women in the educational state. Indeed, women had not been fairly represented in the leadership of educational institution. Dr. Siegel has been an exception and as our purpose is to realize the success of Dr.Siegels, we looked at it in a different lens of leadership framework. We abbreviate this study using narration inquiry to understand further the leadership model of Dr. Siegel. General Presupposition on Narrative Inquiry Stories have always been a way t o pass on tradition and history of a nation. People love to tell and listen to stories. It is way we communicate and more importantly a way we understand people and events. Hardy (1986) has described narrative as a basic mode of thought, and Brunner (1986) described it as a way of organizing noesis.Cultures are created and traditions are transferred from generation to generation through narratives. It is through narratives that individuals and society expresses their world views and provide models of identity and agency to their members (Brunner 1996). Narrative inquiry differs from more traditional uses of narrative education, that is, from didactic and strategic uses of narrative. Conle et al. (2000) argues that narrative inquiry retains these qualities in two areas (1) for research, and (2) for professional development. Narrative in ResearchPolkinghorne (1988) delimit narrative as the process that humans use to require sense of their experiences. It is through the application of terminology and personal reflection that people are able to continually construct and reconstruct significant events in their life and gain a deeper insight of their experiences. Atkinson (1998) argues that people arrange their experiences in a manner that make sense of the events and places the seemingly chaotic world in a coherent order. Thus, narratives are the process by which people make meaning of their own experiences. Denzin (1989) describes narratives as simply stories.Polkinghorne (1988) suggests that these stories convey the organisational scheme apply to make meaning out of experiences. Very similar to any story, narratives are thematically unionised around a aboriginal plot. It in the theme, organization, and the play of language of story that meaning and fellowship is drawn out. That is, we learn and gain insights in the laic relational nature of the authors reconstruction of events (Polkinghorne 1995). Narratives convey an understanding of environmental and i nterpersonal context, worldly sequence, and affective domain of the story.Polkinghorne (1995) offered the simple example of the sentence The king died the expense cried. Taken in isolation, each adequately describes an event. Understood as a narrative story, with a temporal relationship and context, these two sentences describe a sons response to the loss of his father. They convey emotion and evoke empathy. Conle (2000) describes the two purposes of narratives (1) to convey meaning to others from unrelated events into a thematic story (Polkinghorne 1995), and (2) to convey norms and value to newcomers on a cultural or community level (Mattingly 1991).Narratives, therefore, are both the process of constructing and reconstructing events into organized schemes and the resulting that conveys the scheme (Polkinghorne 1988). Further, Polkinghorne (1988) explains that narratives can be used to either describe or explain an event. Descriptive narrative inquiry reports and interprets ex isting narratives. Descriptive narrative research describes what underlies the value and assumptions of people within a community by examining several narratives for similarities and themes.Explanatory narratives seek to explain why something happened or to explain an event. It, thus, looks narrative accounts for connections between events and actions that led to a particular occurrence. To put it more succinctly, it looks for casual connection between antecedents and events. Narrative research uses lingual selective information in attempt to understand empirical reality from the perspective of the teller. It uses the resulting story to understand the organizational scheme the teller used to make sense of his or her world.In narrative research, then, it is not only the meat of the story that helps in understanding the experience, but the way the story is constructed that reveals more about the experience. It therefore looks at the study of ways humans experience the world (Connell y and Clandinin 1990). Thus, narrative research begins with the narrators story, but moves the research toward interpretation. Denzin (1989) suggests that interpretation allows researchers to look for and connects patterns of meaning and experience in the respondents narratives.Bloom (1998) furthers this discussion by asserting that by connecting patterns and meaning and experiences of respondents, the researcher are able to draw from a wide lay out of theories to set forth his/her interpretation. Furthermore, Atkinson (1998) advises researchers to examine the respondents narratives for ordering of events. Context is revealed by understanding the emotions and values conveyed in the narrative. However, Feldman et al. (1990) cautions researchers on the need to scrutinize the respondents use of metaphors, irony, and other rhetorical devices as it may result to misinterpretation.It is therefore, important to understand and gain insight into the mental state of the respondent in order t o fully interpret the story. More importantly, the end result should be a synthesis of several stories into one thematic narrative. Interest in the use of narrative research has strong precedents in other fields such as in Psychology, Anthropology, and Educational Research. They use narrative as a middling of data representation and as a guide in the development of methodologies, if they did not want to overleap the temporal quality and contextual detail of what they were studying (Fenstermacher 1994).They view narratives as a metaphor for human conduct (Sarbin 1986). Narrative, thus, did not stay confined to data representation, but became an entire mode of inquiry where data analysis and final documents did not have to relinquish their narrative quality. Deweys work on time, experience, and sociality had been central for narrative inquiry, which consists of experiential stories that combine the social and the personal (Dewey 1904).It is these experiential stories without abandon ing the particular, the contextual, and the complex events that the inquiry attempts to give vocalise to tacitly held personal knowledge of the respondents (Polanyi 1966 Schwab 1970). This personal knowledge has practical function or serves as an creature in order for the researcher to evaluate and explain previously determined outcomes on the mental objects deliberations, intuitive decisions, daily action and moral wisdom. Narrative inquiry, therefore works best in getting such practical knowledge.In fact, MacIntyre (1981) promotes narratives for the study of practices, of lives and of traditions. The methodology allows the researcher to recover the moral qualities of all aspects of the subjects contemporary lives, qualities that he sees as practically and theoretically lost. Micheal Connellys concept of personal, practical knowledge (Connelly and Diennes 1982) combined Polanyis sense of the personal with Schwabs notion of the practical and MacIntyres moral intent.Connelly late r saw the construction of narrative accounts of experiences as the perfect medium for the study of personal practical knowledge (Connelly and Clandinin 1982). Benefits Narrative Inquiry Conle (1997) notes that the most important contribution that narrative inquiry is a language that implicitly forces the issues of open-ended meanings and of the constitutedness of identities, both ethnic and narrators identities. Narratives are about temporal events and tell us where and when something happens, in which contexts, who said what to whom, with which feelings and in what mood, and under which moral constraints.Such contextualization on the surface seems to convey facts, but it also potentially subjuntivizes these facts. If generalization do not accompany the specifics, narrative contextualization limits the factual to the once only and to the reliability of observation made by a specific observer at one particular time. If the temporal quality of narrative inquiry is heeded, the tentati veness of conclusions and the open-endedness of stories will prevail. These are much-needed qualities in pluralist societies.It is the open-endedness that allows readers the ability to further interpret and understand the contextual framework of such actions (Conle 2000). Nonetheless, Berstein (1992) cautions that it is equally crucial for a narrative inquiry not to leave to the rampant relativism, especially more moral relativism and should not deviate against reason. Such relativism can reduce the submissive rationality of the research and can hinder the ability to draw insights especially in intercultural settings.

Significance of Reverse Logistics

To the corporate world, it is any told about making a profit. To the corporate world, efficiency is a means to achieving that profit. To the corporate world, one domiciliate not achieve profit with logistics. To modern researchers, the corporate world has just sincerely begun to pass on its look towards raise logistics. To us business students to solar day, without reverse logistics there can be only limited profit. inwardly the scope of this analysis we shall be examining the significance of reverse logistics.To comprehend the importance of this study we must prime(prenominal) ensure that the reader understands that reverse logistics is an acutely fascinating yet exceedingly misunderstood sentiment which differs from fellowship to company. knock over logistics is a manner of reversing the supply range of a function. In this analytical reversal lies a world of opportunities to businesses. In a manner of speaking, reverse logistics is a highly analytical procedure which calls for the usage of statistical tools and highly trained managers and financial accountants to understand how to place products back into a supply chain in beau monde to achieve profits.Part of this definition means that businesses should be aware of which products they can expect to see as backtracked items. These items should be anticipated to be sold to another supplier to be turned into scraps for another project. in addition customization needs to occur to addition the positive put onr experience including warranty programs as well to increase the satisfaction level of clients. Businesses highly dislike having items returned to their inventory. Items returned that fail to sell are regarded as a handout in profits and revenue.For companies desire to understand why such rates of returns occur they must turn to reverse logistics, as a seemingly modern tool, used towards understanding why this occurs to begin with. For businesses it is indispensable that they analyze, among other knowledge, why such items are returned, how to alleviate this revenue loss, what techniques or selling tools can be used to prevent this from occurring, and perhaps how to protect the entire company should this occur in various divisions within the company. In analyzing why this occurs we must turn to reverse logistics management.This management solution takes crucial time and lather to look at how to manage the entire returns process. By managing this process, companies can increase the recovery of net assets and revenue goals. As the introduction paragraph points out it is all about ensuring that the profit margin and supply chain is being fulfilled. At this time we shall examine how textile and uniform industries are adversely affected by returned items. When examining the online marketplaces, researchers permit determined that typically garments are in danger of being returned by consumers who purchased them online.Purchasing findings are control by a consume rs feelings about themselves and their bodies or physical image of themselves. For instance, when a woman is seeking to purchase clothing which is dependent on a fashionable image they expect the falsify, feel, fit, image, and expectations to match what they eyeshot they saw on the internet. As you can not feel or wear the garment when purchase online, you are making the finis to purchase based upon other factors. These factors include color and style.Because consumers are attempting to build up an effective choice on what to purchase they are often disappointed by what actually arrives in the mail. As a process hierarchy situation businesses are finding it pertinent to have merchandising and sales staff which are willing to communicate with the supplier chain about how to survey consumers and fall in more purchasing power in the online stores. Engineering teams are being used to modify the online fashion to appeal to more consumers (Hammond, website).The article, In the Virt ual Dressing Room Returns are a Real occupation by Jan Hammond and Kristin Kohler, it is emphasized that high return rate of wearing apparel products purchased onlinemirrors the rate of catalog apparel purchasesreturns for apparel bought from catalogs ranged from 12 to 35 percent.. This return rate process is a serious concern of companies marketing apparel online and in catalogs. On the other hand, the article shows that decisions to buy generic goods like books, music, electronic, etc..are less reflecting a return rate because less emotional factors tie in to the consumers decision to purchase those items. This article indicates that trueness of color plays a crucial role in decision making of consumers on the web. Surveys conducted, including one by InfoTrends Research Group, indicated that 88% of consumers will shop at online stores which guarantee that their products reflect true and accurate color standards and schematics. Because of feelings of insecurity about acquiring th e items which meets their color standards and expectations, consumers are less prone to fall upon the initial decision to purchase.Because of this risk of purchasing an item unseen, untouched , and unworn, consumers surveyed have become interested in companies which use the new initiatives to improve the color on their websites. For example, detail and color would be greatly improved with companies victimization zoom technology such as HP Open Pix and Live Picture (Hammond, website). early(a) companies are seeing products such as BodyMetrics LTD, which can on-line visualize body dimensions on a mannequin to see how the item would fit the consumers body composition.These tactics are all methods of reverse logistics management, because they improve the online visibility of items which can increase the purchasing of consumers plot of ground decreasing the rate of return behaviour that companies experience. In addition, as companies are seeking to place their products in online supp ly markets they can provide those supplier companies with an up-selling tool which aids in their own sales protection. For instance, let us closely examine IKEAs effective operation management. IKEA, a furniture retailer, has invoked in its company a strong usage of trading trading trading operations management.Operations management is a means towards which a company organizes its hierarchy, sales structure, approach to returns, strategic operations, systematic way of the company, and finally the control of internal and external processes which turn inputs into completed goods and services. IKEAs experience in operations management is highly organized and analyzed by reverse logistics management. In understanding IKEAs operations management style we must first recognize that IKEA believes in a self-service concept.This means that IKEA believes that guests service their own needs by filling up their furniture themselves from the warehouse. IDEAs furniture is make with high qu ality in mind and displays a wide variety of choice for the every day consumer. Showrooms have been explicitly designed to reflect various rooms and items related to the household goods. Because the ordering and picking up of items is performed by the customer, there is no chance that the consumer be unaware of what they are purchasing. Catalogues and notices are move around the store explicitly showing the illustrations, dimensions, and availability of color of the goods.These room settings as well allow customers to make educated decisions and comparisons about items without being infringed upon by sales personnel hoping to make a sale. As kick downstairs of the reverse logistic management, this customization of user experience allows for the customer to examine and make decisions period not being under sales pressures (Slack 14-15). As the customer knows exactly where in the store they are purchasing the items from they have the opportunity to return to the area for further d ecision making.This operational strategy is very successful to IKEA because of the routine of mind given to customers. Customers see how smooth the process is from selecting their items, to burden their items in a large loading area explicitly for customers, to non-pestering salespeople, to sufficient variety of quality goods at less expensive prices, to well-designed showplace environments, and to staff which willingly help customers at request. This attitude fosters a good mindset in consumers and presents the every day customer with a pleasant environment.Should consumers seek to return items the customer service is guaranteed to be a pleasant one. For customers this operations management has considered all reverse logistics and countered them with a steady aptitude for impressing the every day customer. This situation is truly a competitive advantage for IKEA over the competition. While reading this geek study I was affect with the belief that they have an eatery and a locat ion where parents can drop off their children for daycare services while they shop peacefully.In general, this design contains such attractive features which allows for the operations of the organization to be seen on various levels (Slack 14-16). The case study also relates how the transformation process model works at IKEA. In this concept lies the idea of how the resources are used to change the state or condition of something to produce outputs. The nature of this operational concept is that a company can use its resources to literally transform itself and its resources into goods and services. IKEA has done both.It has used quality items from orbicular companies and its in-store services to create the groundwork for a pleasant customized experience. Customers experience a variety of feelings about the IKEA stores while shopping which has a positive affect upon their decision to make purchases. For instance, the daycare allows parents to cope with making the decision to purcha se while not have the added responsibility of watching over rampant children. Considered a customer processing strategy, this helps the psychological state of customers.In addition, IKEA stores have allowed for showroom settings and customized ideas to help differentiate one product from another. Non-lingering salespersons also alleviate any pressure of making an immediate decision to purchase versus feeling hounded by anticipative salespeople. The nature of this process allows for the consumer to feel that they are making the right decision making the purchase. Like all competitive companies they feel that the inputs to the transformation process needs to be error-free, fast, and efficient information processing. Customers feel that this information is an aid for allowing the consumer to be satisfied that their concerns and questions on how to use or install the items will be handled in a professional and efficient manner (Slack 17-23). In general, all these processes from busines s processes to the customer-supplier relationship and interacting relationships are zippy to competitive businesses. Whether it be an online stores or a physical store, it is important to recognize that reverse logistics plays a rudimentary role in ensuring a satisfied customer while providing a way to generate revenue.Works Cited Reverse Logistics Management Manage Returns Processing Across Multiple Channels. Viewed March 26, 2007. http//www. manh. com/reverse_logistics_management/index. hypertext mark-up language? g=4&gclid=CNG4kM HsjYsCFQlQWAodVUPdWA In the Virtual Dressing Room Returns Are A Real Problem. Published April 15, 2002 . Jan Hammond and Kristin Kohler. Viewed March 26, 2007. http//hbswk. hbs. edu/item/2883. html Slack, Nigel, Stuart Chambers, Christine Harland, Alan Harrison, and Robert Johnston. Effective Operations Management. 1998. London, Pitman