Nationalism and imperialism in British africa 1850-1960 Essay

Nationalism and olympianism in British africa 1850-1960 - Essay ExampleIdentity is another issue in settler societies. Louis Hartz, in his seminal work, The foot of New Societies (196411-13, 53-4)1, observed that identity formation by European settlers in a new state of matter is a complex process. Changes in Europe and the presence of native peoples in the new land make it heavy to maintain identification with the old country. The racial element becomes an integral part of settler consciousness and national identity in a way that does not occur in Europe.Colonial presence became established first, in the air jacket African Settlements (Sierra Leone, Gold Coast etc.). It brought, as a by-product, Christian missionaries (White and blackness) and Enlightenment ideas of freedom and self-determination to Africa. How constantly, it also brought the idea of the Other with it and dispossessed the Africans from their sense of the Self. Edward Said in his Orientalism (1984) focused on the idea of discourse. He categorically explained the discursive practices of the West since the beginning of the Renaissance and their Humanist attempts to situate themselves into a historically, anthropologically, socially, psychologically and economically dominant and subject position that would forever dispossess the native orient organism from their own history and claim to history at heart the Western canon. Not only that Fanon in his Black Skin White Masks2, talks about the psychological dislocation of the native due to the complete annihilation of African identity from educated native. Incase of the masses the dislocation was physical - through the dislocation of their lands. Thus, anthropologists such as Madison Grant or Alexis Carrel built their pseudo-scientific racism, inspired by Gobineaus An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1853-55). This ruse of superiority was used from the nineteenth century onwards, to begin the civilizing mission which legitimated im perial seduction and control brought to the fore the issue of native policy. The white mans burden meant that, in imperialist theory and to some extent in practice, native policy pertain the role of the Colonial Office as guardian of racial minorities and backward peoples. In the mixed colonies, however, it continued to mean chiefly the legalized theft of native land and the use of natives as a source of cheap labor. Settler societies were therefore tender to seek political autonomy in order to deal with the natives in their own way and consider what territory they wanted. Hence, the nineteenth century saw a further divergence between colonial and imperial ideology. Two contradictory sets of principles were on a collision course within the settlements the concept of trusteeship within the imperial philosophy of a non-racial empire, and the settlers determination to create a White Mans Country (Huttenback 197621)3.After the scramble for Africa in the 1880s, there was a brief age of self-conscious imperialism when the British empire was vaunted as the strongest, largest and most benign the world had ever seen, and flags and banners became sacred symbols of the nation. However, this could not hide the savagery of the war that was being used as an appropriate civilizing mission. In South Africa, three groups struggled over the land. In the early 1800s, the Zulu chief Shaka fought to win more land. Meanwhile, the British win control of the Dutch colony on the